Neuroprotective and antiepileptogenic therapies have been extensively investigated for epilepsy prevention and treatment. This review gives an overview of the promising contribution of the ketogenic diet, a complementary treatment, on the intestinal microbiota to reduce seizure susceptibility. Next, the relevance of physical exercise is extensively addressed as a complementary therapy to reduce seizure susceptibility, and thereby impact beneficially on the epilepsy condition. In this context, particular attention is given to the potential risks and benefits of physical exercise, possible precipitant factors related to exercise and proposed mechanisms by which exercise can reduce seizures, and its antiepileptogenic effects. Finally, this review points to emerging evidence of exercise reducing comorbidities from epilepsy and improving the quality of life of people with epilepsy. Based on evidence from current literature, physical or sport activities represent a potential non-pharmacological intervention that can be integrated with conventional therapy for epilepsy.

对于癫痫的预防和治疗，已经广泛研究了神经保护和抗癫痫治疗。这篇综述概述了生酮饮食（一种补充治疗）对肠道微生物群减少癫痫发作敏感性的有希望的贡献。接下来，广泛讨论体育锻炼的相关性，以作为减少癫痫发作易感性的辅助疗法，从而对癫痫病产生有益影响。在这种情况下，应特别注意体育锻炼的潜在风险和益处，与锻炼有关的可能的促发因素以及所建议的运动可以减少癫痫发作的机制及其抗癫痫作用。最后，这篇评论指出了运动的新证据，即减少癫痫合并症并改善癫痫患者的生活质量。根据当前文献的证据，体育或体育活动代表了一种潜在的非药理学干预措施，可以与癫痫的传统疗法相结合。