The presence of pharmaceutical compounds, particularly, paracetamol in water is of significant environmental concern due to their undesirable effects on aquatic organisms and poor biodegradability. The present work investigated the efficient degradation of paracetamol in water using sonophotocatalytic process in the presence of iron (Fe)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. The effects of Fe doping into TiO₂ and calcination temperatures were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was discovered that 3 wt% Fe dopants into TiO₂ nanoparticles with suitable calcination temperature at 600 °C could improve the sonophotocatalytic activity remarkably toward the degradation of paracetamol. The degradation efficiency of 100% was achieved under optimal experimental conditions, namely 5 mg/L initial paracetamol, 1 g/L 3 wt% Fe-doped TiO2-600, solution pH of 5, 0.5 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) after 30-min ultrasonic power of 296 W, ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz and ultraviolet wavelength of 302 nm. These findings are crucial for designing Fe-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles with high catalytic performance for the degradation of paracetamol and appeared as an alternative solution to treat pharmaceutical compounds effectively.

药物化合物，特别是对乙酰氨基酚在水中的存在，由于其对水生生物的不良影响和不良的生物降解性而引起了环境方面的重大关注。本工作研究了在掺铁（Fe）的二氧化钛（TiO ₂）纳米粒子的存在下使用声光催化方法对水中对乙酰氨基酚的有效降解。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜，能量色散X射线光谱，X射线衍射，氮吸附-解吸分析和X射线光电子能谱研究了Fe掺杂到TiO _2中和煅烧温度的影响。发现3重量％的Fe掺杂剂进入TiO _2中合适的煅烧温度为600°C的纳米颗粒可以显着提高声光催化活性，从而使对乙酰氨基酚降解。在最佳实验条件下，即5 mg / L初始扑热息痛，1 g / L 3 wt％的Fe掺杂的TiO2-600，溶液的pH为5、0.5 mM的过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）达到了100％的降解效率。）在296 W的超声波功率30分钟，50 kHz的超声波频率和302 nm的紫外线波长之后。这些发现对于设计具有高催化性能以降解扑热息痛的Fe掺杂TiO ₂纳米颗粒至关重要，并且可以作为有效治疗药物化合物的替代解决方案。