An increase in the cultivation of olive trees was prompted in the Northwestern Spain during recent years favored by the agricultural politics in the region. The aim of this study is to know the phenological and aerobiological behavior of the olive trees at the northern limit of the Mediterranean bioclimatic area in order to determine their thermal requirements for the development of predictive agro-phenological models for two varieties (Arbequina and Frantoio) of the new olive cultivated areas. The BBCH scale was used for the phenological observations. Chill accumulation during dormancy and heat requirements to overcome the successive phenological stages were calculated following different methods. To complete the phenology predictive models, the Mitscherlich’s monomolecular equation was applied. The monitoring of the atmospheric pollen content was conducted by means a volumetric pollen Hirst trap placed in the middle of the plot. The period of chilling accumulation was completed during the first fortnight of January with an average of 654 chilling hours and a base temperature of 7.5 °C. Considering the duration of the vegetative olive cycle around 2390°GDD (growing degree days) was necessary to overcome the ripening of berries. The proposed model for the prediction of the successive ecological events showed a deviation between 1.5 and 3.5 days on the phenological scale. The presence of Olea pollen grains in the atmosphere of the olive grove was registered during stage 5 and stage 6 (flowering). The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Models confirmed that pollen peaks during the previous days to the flowering stage came from the extensive olive groves of the Northern Portugal which flowers some days in advance.

中文翻译：

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地中海生物气候区北部边界橄榄园的首次物候和空气生物学评估

近年来，受该地区农业政治的青睐，西班牙西北部促进了橄榄树的种植。本研究的目的是了解地中海生物气候区北端橄榄树的物候和空气生物学行为，以确定它们对开发两个品种（Arbequina 和 Frantoio）预测性农业物候模型的热需求新的橄榄种植区。BBCH 量表用于物候观察。休眠期间的寒冷积累和克服连续物候阶段的热量需求按照不同的方法计算。为了完成物候预测模型，应用了 Mitscherlich 的单分子方程。大气花粉含量的监测是通过放置在样地中间的体积式花粉赫斯特捕集器进行的。冷蓄积期在 1 月的前两周完成，平均 654 小时，基温 7.5 °C。考虑到大约 2390°GDD（生长期）的橄榄营养周期的持续时间对于克服浆果的成熟是必要的。用于预测连续生态事件的拟议模型在物候尺度上显示了 1.5 到 3.5 天的偏差。在第 5 阶段和第 6 阶段（开花）期间，记录了橄榄林大气中油橄榄花粉粒的存在。