Stachys byzantina C. Koch (Lamiaceae alt. Labiatae), commonly known as lamb's ear, is an important medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticancer, antispasmodic, sedative and diuretic properties (Asnaashari et al. 2010). This plant is widely consumed in Europe and Asia as aromatic teas. In Brazil, it is an unconventional food plant, nonetheless, its medicinal properties have been recognized as well as its production. In May 2019, in a Sao Paulo State municipality, Jaboticabal, (21°14'38.7"S 48°17'10.6"W), S. byzantina plants presented reduced growth and chlorotic leaves associated with root galls. In the phytopathological clinic, 7,983 eggs and juveniles of Meloidogyne sp. were counted in 10 g of the plant roots. In 100 cm³ of soil surrounding the plant, 532 second-stage Meloidogyne sp. juveniles (J2) were found. Morphological, enzymatic and molecular identification of the nematode species found were performed (Fig. S1). For morphological analysis, perineal pattern of females (n = 10) and labial region of males (n = 10) were analyzed. In the perineal region of females, a high and trapezoidal dorsal arch with thick striations was observed, whereas the males presented the trapezoidal labial region with the prominent labial disc in relation to the sub-median lips and transverse streaks in the head region, typical characteristics of M. incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood 1949. (Netscher and Taylor 1974; Eisenback and Hirschmann 1981). The esterase enzyme profile, obtained individually from 8 females, was compatible with phenotype I1 [Rm (x100) = 46.25], also associated with M. incognita (Esbenshade and Triantaphyllou 1985). Molecular analysis was realized (n = 3) by applying the primers Finc/Rinc (Zijlstra et al. 2000) in the DNA of individual females, which resulted in the amplification of an amplicon of 1200 bp specific for M. incognita. Pathogenicity testing was conducted in a greenhouse by inoculation of 5,000 eggs and juveniles from the original population into S. byzantina seedlings (n = 4). After 90 days, the inoculated plants, unlike the non-inoculated ones, exhibited symptoms similar to those initially observed in the field. The nematodes were extracted from the roots of the inoculated plants, quantified, and the identity of M. incognita was confirmed. The average reproductive factor obtained was 136.6, confirming the pathogenicity of M. incognita to S. byzantina. Thus, this is the first report of M. incognita associated with S. byzantina in Brazil and in the world. Lamb's ear is a horticultural plant, and its high reproductive factor to M. incognita can also result in damage to the subsequent crops. In addition, Lamb's ear is propagated vegetatively and this favors the spread of nematodes to other areas. This new report is important in order to alert producers to realize the proper management of this nematode in S. byzantina.

中文翻译：

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南方根结线虫感染巴西水杉的首次报道。

Stachys byzantina C. Koch（唇形科，唇形科），通常被称为羊耳，是一种重要的药用植物，具有抗炎，抗肿瘤，抗癌，抗痉挛，镇静和利尿的特性（Asnaashari等人，2010）。这种植物在欧洲和亚洲被广泛用作芳香茶。在巴西，它是一种非常规食品工厂，尽管如此，它的药用特性和生产能力也得到了认可。2019年5月，在Jaboticabal的圣保罗州直辖市（21°14'38.7“ S 48°17'10.6” W）中，拜占庭沙门氏菌植物的生长减少，且与根s相关的褪绿叶。在植物病理学诊所，Meloidogyne sp。有7983个卵和幼虫。在10g植物根中计数。在植物周围100cm³的土壤中，有532个第二级Meloidogyne sp.。发现了少年（J2）。对发现的线虫进行了形态学，酶学和分子鉴定（图S1）。为了进行形态分析，分析了女性的会阴模式（n = 10）和男性的阴唇区域（n = 10）。在雌性会阴区，观察到高梯形的背弓和较厚的条纹，而雄性呈梯形唇形区，相对于头部的中下唇和横纹，唇盘突出。 M. incognita（Kofoid and White，1919）Chitwood1949。（Netscher and Taylor 1974; Eisenback and Hirschmann 1981）。分别从8位雌性获得的酯酶谱与I1型[Rm（x100）= 46.25]相容，也与隐孢子霉相关（Esbenshade和Triantaphyllou 1985）。通过在雌性个体的DNA中应用引物Finc / Rinc（Zijlstra et al。2000）进行分子分析（n = 3），从而扩增了隐孢子虫特异的1200 bp的扩增子。在温室中进行致病性测试，方法是将5,000个鸡蛋和幼虫从原始种群中接种到拜占庭菌S.byzantina幼苗中（n = 4）。90天后，与未接种的植物不同，接种的植物表现出与田间最初观察到的症状相似的症状。从被接种植物的根中提取线虫，进行定量，然后确认隐孢子虫的身份。所获得的平均生殖因子为136.6，证实了隐身支原体对拜占链球菌的致病性。因此，这是与S相关的隐孢子菌的首次报道。拜占庭在巴西乃至全世界。羔羊的耳朵是一种园艺植物，其对隐身梭状芽胞杆菌的高繁殖力也可能对随后的农作物造成损害。此外，羔羊的耳朵通过营养繁殖，这有利于线虫向其他区域的传播。这份新报告很重要，可以提醒生产者认识到拜占庭线虫中该线虫的正确管理。