Stachys byzantina C. Koch (Lamiaceae alt. Labiatae), commonly known as lamb's ear, is an important medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticancer, antispasmodic, sedative and diuretic properties (Asnaashari et al. 2010). This plant is widely consumed in Europe and Asia as aromatic teas. In Brazil, it is an unconventional food plant, nonetheless, its medicinal properties have been recognized as well as its production. In May 2019, in a Sao Paulo State municipality, Jaboticabal, (21°14'38.7"S 48°17'10.6"W), S. byzantina plants presented reduced growth and chlorotic leaves associated with root galls. In the phytopathological clinic, 7,983 eggs and juveniles of Meloidogyne sp. were counted in 10 g of the plant roots. In 100 cm³ of soil surrounding the plant, 532 second-stage Meloidogyne sp. juveniles (J2) were found. Morphological, enzymatic and molecular identification of the nematode species found were performed (Fig. S1). For morphological analysis, perineal pattern of females (n = 10) and labial region of males (n = 10) were analyzed. In the perineal region of females, a high and trapezoidal dorsal arch with thick striations was observed, whereas the males presented the trapezoidal labial region with the prominent labial disc in relation to the sub-median lips and transverse streaks in the head region, typical characteristics of M. incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood 1949. (Netscher and Taylor 1974; Eisenback and Hirschmann 1981). The esterase enzyme profile, obtained individually from 8 females, was compatible with phenotype I1 [Rm (x100) = 46.25], also associated with M. incognita (Esbenshade and Triantaphyllou 1985). Molecular analysis was realized (n = 3) by applying the primers Finc/Rinc (Zijlstra et al. 2000) in the DNA of individual females, which resulted in the amplification of an amplicon of 1200 bp specific for M. incognita. Pathogenicity testing was conducted in a greenhouse by inoculation of 5,000 eggs and juveniles from the original population into S. byzantina seedlings (n = 4). After 90 days, the inoculated plants, unlike the non-inoculated ones, exhibited symptoms similar to those initially observed in the field. The nematodes were extracted from the roots of the inoculated plants, quantified, and the identity of M. incognita was confirmed. The average reproductive factor obtained was 136.6, confirming the pathogenicity of M. incognita to S. byzantina. Thus, this is the first report of M. incognita associated with S. byzantina in Brazil and in the world. Lamb's ear is a horticultural plant, and its high reproductive factor to M. incognita can also result in damage to the subsequent crops. In addition, Lamb's ear is propagated vegetatively and this favors the spread of nematodes to other areas. This new report is important in order to alert producers to realize the proper management of this nematode in S. byzantina.

中文翻译：

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巴西首次报道南方根结线虫感染拜占庭水苏。


Stachys byzantina C. Koch (唇形科 alt. 唇形科)，俗称羊耳，是一种重要的药用植物，具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗癌、解痉、镇静和利尿的特性(Asnaashari et al. 2010)。这种植物在欧洲和亚洲被广泛用作芳香茶。在巴西，它是一种非传统的食用植物，尽管如此，它的药用特性及其生产已得到认可。 2019 年 5 月，在圣保罗州 Jaboticabal（21°14'38.7"S 48°17'10.6"W），拜占庭植物出现生长减少和与根瘿相关的叶子褪绿。在植物病理学诊所中，7,983 个根结线虫卵和幼虫。以10克植物根计算。在植物周围 100 立方厘米的土壤中，有 532 个第二阶段根结线虫。发现了少年（J2）。对发现的线虫物种进行了形态学、酶学和分子鉴定（图S1）。对于形态学分析，分析了雌性 (n = 10) 的会阴模式和雄性 (n = 10) 的阴唇区域。在女性的会阴区域，观察到具有粗条纹的高梯形背弓，而男性则呈现梯形唇区域，具有与次正中唇相关的突出的唇盘和头部区域的横向条纹，这是典型特征M. incognita (Kofoid 和 White, 1919) Chitwood 1949。(Netscher 和 Taylor 1974; Eisenback 和 Hirschmann 1981)。从 8 名雌性个体中分别获得的酯酶谱与表型 I1 [Rm (x100) = 46.25] 相容，也与南方根结线虫相关（Esbenshade 和 Triantaphyllou 1985）。通过应用引物 Finc/Rinc（Zijlstra 等人，2017）实现了分子分析 (n = 3)。 2000）在个体女性的 DNA 中，导致 M. incognita 特异性的 1200 bp 扩增子扩增。致病性测试是在温室中进行的，将来自原始群体的 5,000 个卵和幼虫接种到拜占庭 S. byzantina 幼苗中 (n = 4)。 90 天后，与未接种的植物不同，接种的植物表现出与最初在田间观察到的症状相似的症状。从接种的植物根部提取线虫并进行定量，并确认了南方根结线虫的身份。获得的平均繁殖因子为136.6，证实了南方根结线虫对拜占庭链球菌的致病性。因此，这是巴西乃至世界上首次报告 M. incognita 与 S. byzantina 相关。羊耳是一种园艺植物，其对南方根结线虫的高繁殖系数也会对后续作物造成损害。此外，羊耳是无性繁殖的，这有利于线虫向其他地区传播。这份新报告对于提醒生产者对拜占庭线虫进行适当管理非常重要。