To slow down the spread of COVID-19, governments worldwide are trying to identify infected people, and contain the virus by enforcing isolation, and quarantine. However, it is difficult to trace people who came into contact with an infected person, which causes widespread community transmission, and mass infection. To address this problem, we develop an e-government Privacy-Preserving Mobile, and Fog computing framework entitled PPMF that can trace infected, and suspected cases nationwide. We use personal mobile devices with contact tracing app, and two types of stationary fog nodes, named Automatic Risk Checkers (ARC), and Suspected User Data Uploader Node (SUDUN), to trace community transmission alongside maintaining user data privacy. Each user's mobile device receives a Unique Encrypted Reference Code (UERC) when registering on the central application. The mobile device, and the central application both generate Rotational Unique Encrypted Reference Code (RUERC), which broadcasted using the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. The ARCs are placed at the entry points of buildings, which can immediately detect if there are positive or suspected cases nearby. If any confirmed case is found, the ARCs broadcast pre-cautionary messages to nearby people without revealing the identity of the infected person. The SUDUNs are placed at the health centers that report test results to the central cloud application. The reported data is later used to map between infected, and suspected cases. Therefore, using our proposed PPMF framework, governments can let organizations continue their economic activities without complete lockdown.

中文翻译：

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一种保护隐私的移动和雾计算框架，用于跟踪和防止 COVID-19 社区传播。

为了减缓 COVID-19 的传播，世界各国政府都在努力识别感染者，并通过强制隔离和隔离来控制病毒。但是，很难追踪与感染者接触过的人，从而导致广泛的社区传播和大规模感染。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个名为 PPMF 的电子政务隐私保护移动和雾计算框架，可以在全国范围内追踪感染和疑似病例。我们使用带有联系人跟踪应用程序的个人移动设备和两种类型的固定雾节点，称为自动风险检查器 (ARC) 和可疑用户数据上传器节点 (SUDUN)，以在维护用户数据隐私的同时跟踪社区传输。每个用户' 在中央应用程序上注册时，移动设备会收到一个唯一加密参考代码 (UERC)。移动设备和中央应用程序都生成旋转唯一加密参考代码 (RUERC)，该代码使用蓝牙低功耗 (BLE) 技术进行广播。ARC放置在建筑物的入口点，可以立即检测附近是否有阳性或疑似病例。如果发现任何确诊病例，ARC 会向附近的人广播预警信息，而不会透露感染者的身份。SUDUN 放置在健康中心，将测试结果报告给中央云应用程序。报告的数据随后用于在感染病例和疑似病例之间进行映射。因此，使用我们提出的 PPMF 框架，