Objective: The aim of this study was to examine dependence on combustible and e-cigarettes among users of both products (dual users), which may provide important insights into long-term use patterns. Method: Dual users (smoking daily for 3 months, using e-cigarettes at least once/week for the past month; N = 256; 45% women, 71% White, M age 39.0 years) not interested in quitting either product participated in a longitudinal, 2-year, observational study. At baseline, participants completed measures of combustible and e-cigarette dependence (Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence [FTCD], e-FTCD, Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives [WISDM], e-WISDM, Penn State Cigarette Dependence Index, and Penn State E-Cigarette Dependence Index) and carried a study smartphone for 2 weeks to record cigarette and e-cigarette use events. Results: Most measures of dependence were product specific (e.g., FTCD and e-FTCD were not correlated, r = -0.003) and predicted product-specific outcomes (e.g., long-term use of that product). However, individuals used the two products for some of the same secondary dependence motives (e.g., weight control, cognitive and affective enhancement). These secondary, or instrumental, motives predicted use of both products at 1 year. Which product was used first in the morning was strongly related to product dependence scores and likelihood of continued product use at 1 year. Conclusions: Among dual users of combustible and e-cigarettes, measures of e-cigarette and cigarette dependence tended to be unrelated to one another, but dual users tended to use both products for the same instrumental motives. Which product is used first in the morning may serve as a valuable measure of relative dependence on the two products. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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可燃烟和电子烟双重使用者的香烟依赖、电子烟依赖以及关键依赖标准之间的关系。


目的：本研究的目的是调查两种产品使用者（双重使用者）对可燃香烟和电子烟的依赖程度，这可能为长期使用模式提供重要见解。方法：双重使用者（连续 3 个月每天吸烟，过去一个月每周至少使用一次电子烟；N = 256；45% 女性，71% 白人，男性年龄 39.0 岁）对戒除任一产品都不感兴趣一项为期两年的纵向观察研究。在基线时，参与者完成了可燃烟和电子烟依赖的测量（Fagerström 香烟依赖测试 [FTCD]、e-FTCD、威斯康星州吸烟依赖动机清单 [WISDM]、e-WISDM、宾夕法尼亚州立大学香烟依赖指数和宾夕法尼亚州立大学电子烟依赖指数），并携带研究智能手机两周来记录香烟和电子烟的使用事件。结果：大多数依赖性测量是特定于产品的（例如，FTCD 和 e-FTCD 不相关，r = -0.003）并预测特定于产品的结果（例如，长期使用该产品）。然而，个人使用这两种产品是出于一些相同的次要依赖动机（例如体重控制、认知和情感增强）。这些次要的或工具性的动机预测了这两种产品在一年内的使用。早上首先使用哪种产品与产品依赖性评分以及一年后继续使用产品的可能性密切相关。结论：在可燃烟和电子烟的双重使用者中，电子烟和香烟依赖的衡量指标往往彼此无关，但双重使用者往往出于相同的工具动机而使用这两种产品。早上首先使用哪种产品可以作为衡量对两种产品相对依赖性的有价值的指标。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。