In this report, physical and chemical properties, and total arsenic (As) concentrations were analyzed in agricultural (MASE) and mining soils (SMI) in the State of Guanajuato, México. Additionally, a metagenomic analysis of both types of soils was the bases for the identification and selection of bacteria and fungi resistant to As. The SMI soil showed higher concentration of As (39 mg kg-1) as compared to MASE soil (15 mg kg-1). The metagenome showed a total of 175,240 reads from both soils. MASE soil showed higher diversity of bacteria, while the SMI soil showed higher diversity of fungi. 16S rRNA analysis showed that the phylum Proteobacteria showed the highest proportion (39.6% in MASE and 36.4% in SMI) and Acidobacteria was the second most representative (24.2% in SMI and 11.6% in MASE). 18S rRNA analysis, showed that the phylum Glomeromycota was found only in the SMI soils (11.6%), while Ascomycota was the most abundant, followed by Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota, in both soils. Genera Bacillus and Penicillium were able to grow in As concentrations as high as 5 and 10 mM, reduced As (V) to As (III), and removed As at 9.8% and 12.1% rates, respectively. When aoxB, arsB, ACR3(1), ACR3(2,) and arrA genes were explored, only the arsB gene was identified in Bacillus sp., B. simplex, and B. megaterium. In general, SMI soils showed more microorganisms resistant to As than MASE soils. Bacteria and fungi selected in this work may show potential to be used as bioremediation agents in As contaminated soils.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥瓜纳华托农业和采矿土壤中被砷污染的微生物群落

在本报告中，分析了墨西哥瓜纳华托州农业 (MASE) 和采矿土壤 (SMI) 的物理和化学特性以及总砷 (As) 浓度。此外，对两种土壤的宏基因组分析是鉴定和选择对砷具有抗性的细菌和真菌的基础。与 MASE 土壤（15 mg kg-1）相比，SMI 土壤显示出更高的 As 浓度（39 mg kg-1）。宏基因组显示来自两种土壤的总共 175,240 个读数。MASE土壤表现出较高的细菌多样性，而SMI土壤表现出较高的真菌多样性。16S rRNA分析表明，变形菌门的比例最高（MASE为39.6%，SMI为36.4%），酸杆菌属次之（SMI为24.2%，MASE为11.6%）。18S rRNA分析，表明仅在 SMI 土壤中发现了球藻门 (11.6%)，而子囊菌门最丰富，其次是担子菌门和接合菌门，在这两种土壤中。芽孢杆菌属和青霉属能够在 As 浓度高达 5 和 10 mM 的情况下生长，将 As (V) 还原为 As (III)，并分别以 9.8% 和 12.1% 的速率去除 As。当探索 aoxB、arsB、ACR3(1)、ACR3(2,) 和 arrA 基因时，仅在芽孢杆菌、单纯芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌中鉴定了 arsB 基因。总的来说，SMI 土壤比 MASE 土壤显示出更多的微生物对 As 的抗性。在这项工作中选择的细菌和真菌可能显示出在 As 污染土壤中用作生物修复剂的潜力。芽孢杆菌属和青霉属能够在 As 浓度高达 5 和 10 mM 的情况下生长，将 As (V) 还原为 As (III)，并分别以 9.8% 和 12.1% 的速率去除 As。当探索 aoxB、arsB、ACR3(1)、ACR3(2,) 和 arrA 基因时，仅在芽孢杆菌、单纯芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌中鉴定了 arsB 基因。总的来说，SMI 土壤比 MASE 土壤显示出更多的微生物对 As 的抗性。在这项工作中选择的细菌和真菌可能显示出在 As 污染土壤中用作生物修复剂的潜力。芽孢杆菌属和青霉属能够在 As 浓度高达 5 和 10 mM 的情况下生长，将 As (V) 还原为 As (III)，并分别以 9.8% 和 12.1% 的速率去除 As。当探索 aoxB、arsB、ACR3(1)、ACR3(2,) 和 arrA 基因时，仅在芽孢杆菌、单纯芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌中鉴定了 arsB 基因。总的来说，SMI 土壤比 MASE 土壤显示出更多的微生物对 As 的抗性。在这项工作中选择的细菌和真菌可能显示出在 As 污染土壤中用作生物修复剂的潜力。SMI 土壤显示出比 MASE 土壤更多的微生物对 As 的抗性。在这项工作中选择的细菌和真菌可能显示出在 As 污染土壤中用作生物修复剂的潜力。SMI 土壤显示出比 MASE 土壤更多的微生物对 As 的抗性。在这项工作中选择的细菌和真菌可能显示出在 As 污染土壤中用作生物修复剂的潜力。