Abstract

Background

Suicide survivors are prone to elevated risk for several psychiatric and somatic complications, including complicated grief (CG) and depression. Recent studies have highlighted the possibility of posttraumatic growth (PTG) among suicide survivors. However, to date, no longitudinal study has focused on the relationships between CG and PTG among suicide survivors.

Aims

In this 18-month longitudinal design study, our goal was to investigate the longitudinal bidirectional associations between PTG and CG, as well as between PTG and depression among suicide survivors.

Method

Participants were156 suicide-loss survivors, aged 18–70, who completed questionnaires tapping the CG and PTG at T1 and again after 18 months (T2). Depression was measured only at T2.

Results

The integrated model showed that CG-T1 predicts a reduction in PTG-T2 levels, beyond the trajectory of PTG. Whereas PTG-T1 was negatively correlated with CG-T2 and with depression at T2, this path was only marginally significant in the model.

Limitations

Voluntary nature of the participants; self-report measures; lack of pre-suicide-loss assessment.

Conclusion

The study’s findings suggest that CG levels play an important role in facilitating PTG among suicide survivors, with high CG levels impeding the possibility of growth. PTG did not act as a coping strategy to reduce CG. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

中文翻译：

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自杀幸存者复杂悲伤与创伤后成长的纵向相关性

摘要

背景

自杀幸存者容易出现多种精神和躯体并发症的风险，包括复杂性悲伤 (CG) 和抑郁症。最近的研究强调了自杀幸存者中创伤后成长（PTG）的可能性。然而，迄今为止，没有纵向研究关注自杀幸存者中 CG 和 PTG 之间的关系。

目标

在这项为期 18 个月的纵向设计研究中，我们的目标是调查 PTG 和 CG 之间的纵向双向关联，以及 PTG 和自杀幸存者抑郁之间的纵向关联。

方法

参与者是 156 名自杀损失幸存者，年龄在 18-70 岁之间，他们在 T1 和 18 个月 (T2) 后完成了敲击 CG 和 PTG 的问卷调查。抑郁症仅在 T2 时测量。

结果

综合模型显示，CG-T1 预测 PTG-T2 水平会降低，超出 PTG 的轨迹。虽然 PTG-T1 与 CG-T2 和 T2 时的抑郁呈负相关，但这条路径在模型中仅略微显着。

限制

参与者的自愿性质；自我报告措施；缺乏自杀前损失评估。

结论

该研究的结果表明，CG 水平在促进自杀幸存者的 PTG 方面发挥着重要作用，高 CG 水平阻碍了生长的可能性。PTG 并没有作为减少 CG 的应对策略。临床和研究意义进行了讨论。