Everyday functioning requires the appropriate allocation of visual attention, which is achieved through multiple mechanisms of attentional guidance. Traditional theories have focused on top-down and bottom-up factors, but implicit learning from recent experience ("selection history") also has a substantial impact on attentional allocation. The present experiment examined the influence of intertrial priming on attentional guidance in people with schizophrenia and matched control subjects. Participants searched for a color pop-out target, which switched randomly between a red target among blue distractors and a blue target among red distractors. We found that performance on the current trial was more influenced by the previous-trial target color in people with schizophrenia than in control subjects. Moreover, this implicit priming effect was greater in individuals with lower working memory capacity (as measured in a separate task). These results suggest that intertrial priming has an exaggerated impact on attentional guidance in people with schizophrenia and that this is associated with other aspects of impaired cognition. Overall, these results are consistent with the hyperfocusing hypothesis, which proposes that a single underlying attentional abnormality may explain a range of atypical effects across perception, attention, and cognition in schizophrenia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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以前参加过的功能对精神分裂症患者的影响增加。

日常运作需要适当地分配视觉注意力，这可以通过多种注意力指导机制来实现。传统理论侧重于自上而下和自下而上的因素，但是从最近的经验（“选择历史”）中隐式学习也对注意力分配产生重大影响。本实验研究了在精神分裂症患者和相匹配的对照对象中，启动引发对注意指导的影响。参与者搜索了一个彩色弹出目标，该目标在蓝色干扰物之间的红色目标与红色干扰物之间的蓝色目标之间随机切换。我们发现，在当前试验中，与精神分裂症患者相比，精神分裂症患者的试验颜色受先前试验目标颜色的影响更大。此外，对于具有较低工作记忆能力的个体（在单独的任务中进行测量），这种隐式启动效应更大。这些结果表明，试验启动对精神分裂症患者的注意指导产生了夸大的影响，这与认知受损的其他方面有关。总的来说，这些结果与超聚焦假说是一致的，该假说认为单个潜在的注意力异常可能解释了精神分裂症的感知，注意力和认知方面的一系列非典型效应。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。这些结果表明，试验启动对精神分裂症患者的注意指导产生了夸大的影响，这与认知受损的其他方面有关。总的来说，这些结果与超聚焦假说是一致的，该假说认为单个潜在的注意力异常可能解释了精神分裂症的感知，注意力和认知方面的一系列非典型效应。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。这些结果表明，试验启动对精神分裂症患者的注意指导产生了夸大的影响，这与认知受损的其他方面有关。总的来说，这些结果与超聚焦假说是一致的，该假说认为单个潜在的注意力异常可能解释了精神分裂症的感知，注意力和认知方面的一系列非典型效应。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。