Immunotherapy emerges as a treatment strategy for breast cancer marker, diagnosis and treatment. In this review, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)-based passive and peptide vaccines as active immunotherapy approaches like activation of B-cells and T-cells are studied. Passive immunotherapy is mAbs-based therapy effective against tumor cells acts by targeting HER2, IGF 1R, VEGF, BCSC and immune checkpoints. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and GPCR are the areas of interest to target BC metastases for on-targeting therapeutic action. Neuropeptide S (NPS) or NPS receptor 1 acts as a biomarker for Neuroendocrine tumors (NET), mostly characterized by synaptophysin and chromogranin-A expression or Ki-67 proliferation index. The protein fusion technologies arise as a promising avenue in plant expression systems for increased recombinant Ab accumulation and cost-efficient purification. Recently, mAbs-based immunotherapy effectiveness is appreciated as a novel therapeutic combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy to reduce the side effects and improve therapeutic responsiveness. Synthetic drug resistance will be overcome by mAbs-based therapy through several clinical trials and detection methods need to be optimized for accuracy and precision. Pharmacokinetic attributes need to be accessed for preferred receptor-agonist activity without ligand accumulation.

中文翻译：

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基于NPY的单克隆抗体在乳腺癌诊断和治疗中的战略意义。

免疫疗法已成为乳腺癌标志物，诊断和治疗的治疗策略。在这篇综述中，研究了基于单克隆抗体（mAbs）的被动疫苗和肽疫苗作为主动免疫疗法的方法，例如激活B细胞和T细胞。被动免疫疗法是一种基于mAbs的疗法，可通过靶向HER2，IGF 1R，VEGF，BCSC和免疫检查点来有效对抗肿瘤细胞。神经肽Y（NPY）和GPCR是靶向BC转移以实现靶向治疗作用的目标领域。神经肽S（NPS）或NPS受体1充当神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）的生物标志物，主要特征在于突触素和嗜铬粒蛋白A表达或Ki-67增殖指数。蛋白质融合技术是植物表达系统中增加重组Ab积累和成本有效纯化的一种有前途的途径。近来，基于mAb的免疫疗法的有效性被认为是化学疗法和免疫疗法的新型治疗组合，以减少副作用并改善治疗反应性。基于单克隆抗体的疗法将通过一些临床试验克服合成药物的耐药性，并且需要对检测方法进行准确性和精确度的优化。对于优选的受体激动剂活性，无需配体积累，需要获得药代动力学属性。基于mAbs的免疫疗法的有效性被视为化学疗法和免疫疗法的新型治疗组合，可减少副作用并改善治疗反应性。基于单克隆抗体的疗法将通过一些临床试验来克服合成药物的耐药性，并且需要对检测方法进行准确性和精确度的优化。对于优选的受体激动剂活性，无需配体积累，需要获得药代动力学属性。基于mAbs的免疫疗法的有效性被视为化学疗法和免疫疗法的新型治疗组合，可减少副作用并改善治疗反应性。基于单克隆抗体的疗法将通过一些临床试验克服合成药物的耐药性，并且需要对检测方法进行准确性和精确度的优化。对于优选的受体激动剂活性，无需配体积累，需要获得药代动力学属性。