The United States (US) is on track to achieve the 90-90-90 targets set forth by UNAIDS and the National HIV/AIDS strategy, yet significant racial disparities in HIV care outcomes remain, particularly for young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Research has demonstrated that various types of violence are key aspects of syndemics that contribute to disparities in HIV risk. However, little research has looked collectively at cumulative violent experiences and how those might affect HIV treatment and care outcomes. Drawing on extant literature and theoretical underpinnings of syndemics, we provide a conceptual model that highlights how continuous traumatic violence experienced by YBMSM may affect HIV outcomes and contribute to racial disparities in HIV outcomes. The findings of this focused review suggest a need for research on how continuous exposure to various types of violence influence HIV prevention and treatment outcomes for young Black MSM.

中文翻译：

---

概念化持续创伤性暴力对美国男男性行为年轻黑人艾滋病毒连续护理结果的影响。

美国 (US) 有望实现联合国艾滋病规划署和国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病战略制定的 90-90-90 目标，但艾滋病毒护理结果仍然存在显着的种族差异，特别是对于男男性行为的年轻黑人而言（YBMSM）。研究表明，各种类型的暴力是导致艾滋病毒风险差异的并发流行病的关键方面。然而，很少有研究集中研究累积的暴力经历以及这些经历如何影响艾滋病毒治疗和护理结果。借鉴现有文献和流行病的理论基础，我们提供了一个概念模型，强调 YBMSM 经历的持续创伤性暴力如何影响艾滋病毒结果并导致艾滋病毒结果的种族差异。这项重点审查的结果表明，需要研究持续接触各种类型的暴力如何影响年轻黑人 MSM 的艾滋病毒预防和治疗结果。