The application of biocatalysis for the synthesis of glycans and glycoconjugates is a well-established and successful strategy, both for small and large scale synthesis. Compared to chemical synthesis, is has the advantage of high selectivity, but biocatalysis had been largely limited to natural glycans both in terms of reactivity and substrates. This review describes recent advances in exploiting enzyme promiscuity to expand the range of substrates and reactions that carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) can catalyse. The main focus is on formation and hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages, including sugar kinases, reactions that are central to glycobiotechnology. In addition, biocatalysts that generate sugar analogues and modify carbohydrates, such as oxidases, transaminases and acylases are reviewed. As carbohydrate active enzymes become more accessible and protein engineering strategies become faster, the application of biocatalysis in the generation of a wide range of glycoconjugates, beyond natural structures is expected to expand.

中文翻译：

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碳水化合物活性酶的酶混杂及其在生物催化中的应用。

生物催化在聚糖和糖缀合物的合成中的应用是一种成熟且成功的策略，无论是小规模合成还是大规模合成。与化学合成相比，它具有选择性高的优点，但生物催化在反应性和底物方面主要限于天然聚糖。这篇综述描述了利用酶混杂来扩大碳水化合物活性酶 (CAZymes) 可以催化的底物和反应范围的最新进展。主要关注糖苷键的形成和水解，包括糖激酶，这是糖生物技术的核心反应。此外，还综述了产生糖类似物和修饰碳水化合物的生物催化剂，如氧化酶、转氨酶和酰基转移酶。