Abstract

Much research has been carried out on the bacterial bioremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals but much less is known about the potential of fungi in sites that are co-contaminated with both classes of pollutants. This article documents the roles of fungi in soil polluted with both petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals as well as the mechanisms involved in the biotransformation of such substances. Soil characteristics (e.g., structural components, pH, and temperature) and intracellular or excreted extracellular enzymes and metabolites are crucial factors which affect the efficiency of combined pollutant transformations. At present, bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals is mostly focused on the removal, detoxification, or degradation efficiency of single or composite pollutants of each type. Little research has been carried out on the metabolism of fungi in response to complex pollutant stress. To overcome current bottlenecks in understanding fungal bioremediation, the potential of new approaches, e.g., gradient diffusion film technology (DGT) and metabolomics, is also discussed.

Key points

• Fungi play important roles in soil co-contaminated with TPH and toxic metals.

• Soil characteristics, enzymes, and metabolites are major factors in bioremediation.

• DGT and metabolomics can be applied to overcome current bottlenecks.

中文翻译：

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被石油烃和有毒金属共同污染的土壤的真菌生物修复。

摘要

关于被石油碳氢化合物和有毒金属污染的土壤的细菌生物修复已经进行了很多研究，但是对于被这两种污染物共同污染的场所中真菌的潜力知之甚少。本文记录了真菌在被石油烃和有毒金属污染的土壤中的作用，以及这些物质的生物转化机制。土壤特性（例如，结构成分，pH和温度）以及细胞内或分泌的细胞外酶和代谢物是影响综合污染物转化效率的关键因素。目前，与石油烃和有毒金属共污染的土壤的生物修复主要集中在去除，排毒，或每种类型的单一或复合污​​染物的降解效率。响应复杂的污染物胁迫，关于真菌代谢的研究很少。为了克服目前在了解真菌生物修复方面的瓶颈，还讨论了新方法（例如梯度扩散膜技术（DGT）和代谢组学）的潜力。

关键点

•真菌在被TPH和有毒金属共同污染的土壤中起着重要作用。

•土壤特性，酶和代谢产物是生物修复的主要因素。

• DGT和代谢组学可以用来克服当前的瓶颈。