Objectification Theory posits that everyday encounters with sexual objectification carry a diffuse nonspecific sense of threat that engenders personal safety anxiety in women. In this article, we provide direct evidence for this tenet across 5 studies and 1,665 participants using multiple methods. Study 1 (N = 207) and Study 2 (N = 161) explored and confirmed the factor structure of the Personal Safety Anxiety and Vigilance Scale (PSAVS), a measure of personal safety anxiety, and provided evidence for the reliability and construct validity of its scores. Study 3 (N = 363) showed that personal safety anxiety is a conceptually different construct for women and men, and differentially mediated the relation between sexual objectification and restricted freedom of movement and the relation between self-objectification and restricted freedom of movement for women and men. Study 4 (N = 460) included a comprehensive test of personal safety anxiety within an expanded Objectification Theory model, which supported personal safety anxiety as a mediator of the links from sexual and self-objectification to women's restricted freedom of movement. Study 5 (N = 474) replicated these results while also adjusting for specific fears of crime and rape. Our findings offer a newly validated assessment tool for future research on safety anxiety, illuminate the real and lasting sense of threat engendered by everyday sexual objectification, and broaden understanding of the mental and physical constraints on women's lived experiences posited in Objectification Theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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漂亮的微笑，注意你的背影：客观化理论中的人身安全焦虑和警惕。

客观化理论认为，每天与性客观化的遭遇带有一种扩散的、非特异性的威胁感，这会导致女性的人身安全焦虑。在本文中，我们通过 5 项研究和 1,665 名参与者使用多种方法为这一原则提供了直接证据。研究 1 (N = 207) 和研究 2 (N = 161) 探索并确认了个人安全焦虑和警觉量表 (PSAVS) 的因子结构，这是一种衡量个人安全焦虑的方法，并为该量表的信度和结构效度提供了证据。它的分数。研究 3 (N = 363) 表明，个人安全焦虑对于女性和男性来说是一个概念上不同的结构，并在性客体化与限制行动自由之间的关系以及自我客体化与限制男女行动自由之间的关系之间进行了差异调解。研究 4 (N = 460) 在扩展的客观化理论模型中包括了对人身安全焦虑的综合测试，该模型支持将人身安全焦虑作为性和自我客观化与女性行动自由受限之间联系的中介。研究 5 (N = 474) 复制了这些结果，同时也调整了对犯罪和强奸的特定恐惧。我们的研究结果为未来的安全焦虑研究提供了一种新验证的评估工具，阐明了日常性客观化所产生的真实而持久的威胁感，并拓宽了对女性身心障碍的理解。客观化理论中提出的生活经验。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。