Anxiety and depressive disorders are characterized by high rates of recurrence, substantially contributing to the high burden associated with these disorders. It is therefore crucial to identify factors related to recurrence, as they may provide viable targets for preventative intervention. Previous studies have observed a link between low self-esteem and subsequent symptoms of depression and anxiety, and low levels of self-esteem in those recovered from a depression or an anxiety disorder. Research also suggests that it is crucial to differentiate more explicit self-esteem (ESE) from more implicit self-esteem (ISE). The current study is the first to test whether ISE and ESE predict recurrence of depression and recurrence of anxiety during a 3-year follow-up as determined with clinical interviews. The sample included those with a history of a depressive disorder (n = 559) and/or a history of an anxiety disorder (n = 458) who had been depression- and anxiety-free for at least six months at baseline. During the 3-year follow-up, 119 (21%) and 104 (23%) had a depression and anxiety recurrence, respectively. ISE predicted recurrence of both depression and anxiety, even when statistically controlling for residual symptoms and neuroticism at baseline. ESE also showed predictive value, although this was not over and above residual symptoms. Explorative analyses suggest that ESE and ISE improved little, or not at all, from currently having a depression or anxiety disorder to recovery. These results therefore suggest that ISE may be an important target for interventions to prevent the recurrence of both depression and anxiety disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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内隐和外显自尊对抑郁症和焦虑症复发的预测价值：一项为期3年的随访研究。

焦虑和抑郁症的特点是复发率高，从而大大增加了与这些疾病相关的负担。因此，确定与复发相关的因素至关重要，因为它们可以为预防性干预提供可行的目标。先前的研究已经观察到，自尊低与随后的抑郁和焦虑症状之间存在关联，而自抑郁或焦虑症康复者的自尊水平较低。研究还表明，区分更明确的自尊（ESE）和更隐含的自尊（ISE）至关重要。当前的研究是第一个测试ISE和ESE是否可以预测3年随访中抑郁症的复发和焦虑症的复发（根据临床访谈确定）。样本包括具有抑郁症史（n = 559）和/或患有焦虑症史（n = 458）的患者，这些患者在基线时无抑郁和无焦虑至少六个月。在三年的随访中，分别有119例（21％）和104例（23％）患有抑郁症和焦虑症复发。ISE可以预测抑郁症和焦虑症的复发，即使在统计学上控制基线时的残留症状和神经质也是如此。ESE也显示出预测价值，尽管这并没有超出残留症状。探索性分析表明，从目前患有抑郁症或焦虑症到康复，ESE和ISE几乎没有改善或根本没有改善。因此，这些结果表明，ISE可能是预防抑郁症和焦虑症复发的干预措施的重要目标。