Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease that affects the cognition, behavior, and daily activities of individuals. Studies indicate that this disease is characterized by several pathological mechanisms, including the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, impairment of cholinergic neurotransmission, and increase in inflammatory responses within the central nervous system. Chronic neuroinflammation associated with AD is closely related to disturbances in metabolic processes, including insulin release and glucose metabolism. As AD is also called type III diabetes, diverse compounds having antidiabetic effects have been investigated as potential drugs for its symptomatic and disease-modifying treatment. In addition to insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs, scientific attention has been paid to cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors that can modulate the concentration of glucose and related hormones and exert beneficial effects on memory, mood, and emotional processing. In this review, we present the most recent reports focusing on the involvement of cAMP-specific PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8 in glycemic and inflammatory response controls as well as the potential utility of the PDE inhibitors in the treatment of AD. Besides the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, the review also presents recent reports from clinical trials.

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是最普遍的与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病之一，影响个体的认知、行为和日常活动。研究表明，这种疾病的特征在于多种病理机制，包括淀粉样蛋白 β 肽的积累、tau 蛋白的过度磷酸化、胆碱能神经传递受损以及中枢神经系统内炎症反应的增加。与 AD 相关的慢性神经炎症与代谢过程的紊乱密切相关，包括胰岛素释放和葡萄糖代谢。由于 AD 也称为 III 型糖尿病，因此研究了多种具有抗糖尿病作用的化合物作为其对症和改善疾病治疗的潜在药物。除了胰岛素和口服降糖药，科学上已经对环 3',5'-单磷酸腺苷 (cAMP) 特异性磷酸二酯酶 (PDE) 抑制剂给予了科学关注，该抑制剂可以调节葡萄糖和相关激素的浓度并对记忆、情绪和情绪处理产生有益影响。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了最近的报告，重点关注 cAMP 特异性 PDE4、PDE7 和 PDE8 参与血糖和炎症反应控制，以及 PDE 抑制剂在 AD 治疗中的潜在效用。除了体外和体内研究的结果外，该评论还介绍了最近的临床试验报告。和情绪处理。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了最近的报告，重点关注 cAMP 特异性 PDE4、PDE7 和 PDE8 参与血糖和炎症反应控制，以及 PDE 抑制剂在 AD 治疗中的潜在效用。除了体外和体内研究的结果外，该评论还介绍了最近的临床试验报告。和情绪处理。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了最近的报告，重点关注 cAMP 特异性 PDE4、PDE7 和 PDE8 参与血糖和炎症反应控制，以及 PDE 抑制剂在 AD 治疗中的潜在效用。除了体外和体内研究的结果外，该评论还介绍了最近的临床试验报告。