Abstract

Globally, nearly 80 million people are forcibly displaced. Being a refugee can impact one’s mental health profoundly. Although specific approaches for psychotherapy with refugees have been developed, this study is the first to investigate psychotherapy with refugees in Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 psychotherapists in Brazil and analysed using consensual qualitative research and thematic analysis. Supportive and hindering elements in psychotherapy with refugee patients in Brazil were identified at eight different levels: the patient, the therapist, their relationship, the setting, the psychotherapeutic approach, the context of the patient, the context of the therapist and the societal context in Brazil. Hindering elements in the therapy include missing preparation for the integration of refugees, lack of interpreters, patients’ mistrust and therapists feeling untrained, helpless and becoming overinvolved. Supportive elements include a trusting therapeutic relationship, therapists’ cultural humility and structural competence, patients’ societal inclusion as well as working with groups and networks. This study shows that in light of the enormous structural challenges for the mental wellbeing of refugee patients, therapists’ flexibility and the reliance on collective work and networks of support is crucial. Future research might investigate in more detail notions of collectivity-based mental healthcare in intercultural therapy settings.

摘要

在全球范围内，将近8000万人被迫流离失所。成为难民会深刻影响一个人的心理健康。尽管已经开发了针对难民的心理疗法的特定方法，但这项研究还是第一个调查巴西难民的心理疗法的方法。对巴西的18名心理治疗师进行了半结构化访谈，并使用了自愿定性研究和主题分析进行了分析。在巴西对难民患者进行心理治疗的支持因素和障碍因素分为八个不同级别：患者，治疗师，他们之间的关系，背景，心理治疗方法，患者情况，治疗师情况和巴西的社会情况。巴西。治疗中的障碍因素包括缺少为难民融入社会做准备，缺少口译人员，患者的不信任感和治疗师会感到未经训练，无助和过度投入。支持因素包括信任的治疗关系，治疗师的文化谦卑和结构能力，患者的社会包容以及与团体和网络的合作。这项研究表明，鉴于难民患者心理健康面临巨大的结构性挑战，治疗师的灵活性以及对集体工作和支持网络的依赖至关重要。未来的研究可能会更详细地研究跨文化治疗环境中基于集体的心理保健的概念。患者的社会包容以及与团体和网络的合作。这项研究表明，鉴于难民患者心理健康面临巨大的结构性挑战，治疗师的灵活性以及对集体工作和支持网络的依赖至关重要。未来的研究可能会更详细地研究跨文化治疗环境中基于集体的心理保健的概念。患者的社会包容以及与团体和网络的合作。这项研究表明，鉴于难民患者心理健康面临巨大的结构性挑战，治疗师的灵活性以及对集体工作和支持网络的依赖至关重要。未来的研究可能会更详细地研究跨文化治疗环境中基于集体的心理保健的概念。