Although the associations among marital status, fertility, bereavement, and adult mortality have been widely studied, much less is known about these associations in polygamous households, which remain prevalent across much of the world. We use data from the Utah Population Database on 110,890 women and 106,979 men born up to 1900, with mortality follow-up into the twentieth century. We examine how the number of wife deaths affects male mortality in polygamous marriages, how sister wife deaths affect female mortality in polygamous marriages relative to the death of a husband, and how marriage order affects the mortality of women in polygamous marriages. We also examine how the number of children ever born and child deaths affect the mortality of men and women as well as variation across monogamous and polygamous unions. Our analyses of women show that the death of a husband and the death of a sister wife have similar effects on mortality. Marriage order does not play a role in the mortality of women in polygamous marriages. For men, the death of one wife in a polygamous marriage increases mortality to a lesser extent than it does for men in monogamous marriages. For polygamous men, losing additional wives has a dose-response effect. Both child deaths and lower fertility are associated with higher mortality. We consistently find that the presence of other kin in the household—whether a second wife, a sister wife, or children—mitigates the negative effects of bereavement.

中文翻译：

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婚姻状况、生育能力和丧亲之痛对一夫多妻和一夫一妻制家庭成人死亡率的影响：来自犹他州人口数据库的证据。

尽管婚姻状况、生育率、丧亲之痛和成人死亡率之间的关联已得到广泛研究，但对一夫多妻家庭中的这些关联知之甚少，这些关联在世界大部分地区仍然普遍存在。我们使用犹他州人口数据库中 110,890 名出生至 1900 年的女性和 106,979 名男性的数据，并对 20 世纪的死亡率进行随访。我们研究了妻子死亡人数如何影响一夫多妻婚姻中的男性死亡率，姐妹妻子死亡如何影响一夫多妻婚姻中相对于丈夫死亡的女性死亡率，以及婚姻秩序如何影响一夫多妻婚姻中女性的死亡率。我们还研究了出生和儿童死亡人数如何影响男性和女性的死亡率，以及一夫一妻制和一夫多妻制之间的差异。我们对女性的分析表明，丈夫的死亡和姐妹妻子的死亡对死亡率的影响相似。婚姻秩序对一夫多妻婚姻中女性的死亡率没有影响。对于男性来说，一夫多妻婚姻中一个妻子的死亡增加的死亡率比一夫一妻婚姻中的男性要小。对于一夫多妻的男人来说，失去额外的妻子会产生剂量反应效应。儿童死亡和较低的生育率都与较高的死亡率有关。我们始终发现，家里有其他亲属——无论是第二任妻子、姐妹妻子还是孩子——可以减轻丧亲之痛的负面影响。与一夫一妻制婚姻中的男子相比，一夫多妻制婚姻中一名妻子的死亡增加的死亡率要小得多。对于一夫多妻的男人来说，失去额外的妻子会产生剂量反应效应。儿童死亡和较低的生育率都与较高的死亡率有关。我们始终发现，家里有其他亲属——无论是第二任妻子、姐妹妻子还是孩子——可以减轻丧亲之痛的负面影响。与一夫一妻制婚姻中的男子相比，一夫多妻制婚姻中一名妻子的死亡增加的死亡率要小得多。对于一夫多妻的男人来说，失去额外的妻子会产生剂量反应效应。儿童死亡和较低的生育率都与较高的死亡率有关。我们始终发现，家里有其他亲属——无论是第二任妻子、姐妹妻子还是孩子——可以减轻丧亲之痛的负面影响。