Many preterm neonates require mechanical ventilation which increases the risk of cerebral inflammation and white matter injury in the immature brain. In this review, we discuss the links between ventilation and brain injury with a focus on the immediate period after birth, incorporating respiratory support in the delivery room and subsequent mechanical ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit. This review collates insight from large animal models in which acute injurious ventilation and prolonged periods of ventilation have been used to create clinically relevant brain injury patterns. These models are valuable resources in investigating the pathophysiology of ventilation-induced brain injury and have important translational implications. We discuss the challenges of reconciling lung and brain maturation in commonly used large animal models. A comprehensive understanding of ventilation-induced brain injury is necessary to guide the way we care for preterm neonates, with the goal to improve their neurodevelopmental outcomes.

中文翻译：

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早产儿的呼吸支持：大型动物模型中有关通气引起的脑损伤的教训。


许多早产新生儿需要机械通气，这会增加未成熟大脑发生脑炎症和白质损伤的风险。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了通气与脑损伤之间的联系，重点关注出生后不久的时期，包括产房中的呼吸支持和新生儿重症监护病房中随后的机械通气。这篇综述整理了大型动物模型的见解，在这些模型中，急性损伤性通气和长时间通气已被用来创建临床相关的脑损伤模式。这些模型是研究通气引起的脑损伤的病理生理学的宝贵资源，并且具有重要的转化意义。我们讨论了在常用的大型动物模型中协调肺和大脑成熟的挑战。有必要全面了解通气引起的脑损伤，以指导我们护理早产儿的方式，以改善其神经发育结果。