Exosomes and biomimetic nanoparticles have great potential to develop into a wide-scale therapeutic platform within the regenerative medicine industry. Exosomes, a subgroup of EVs with diameter ranging from 30-100 nm, have recently gained attention as an innovative approach for the treatment of various diseases, including heart disease. Their beneficial factors and regenerative properties can be contrasted with various cell types. Various biomimetic nanoparticles have also emerged as a unique platform in regenerative medicine. Biomimetic nanoparticles are a drug delivery platform, which have the ability to contain both biological and fabricated components to improve therapeutic efficiency and targeting. The novelty of these platforms holds promise for future clinical translation upon further investigation. In order for both exosome therapeutics and biomimetic nanoparticles to translate into large-scale clinical treatment, numerous factors must first be considered and improved. Standardization of different protocols, from exosome isolation to storage conditions, must be optimized to ensure batches are pure. Standardization is also important to ensure no variability in this process across studies, thus making it easier to interpret data across different disease models and treatments. Expansion of clinical trials incorporating both biomimetic nanoparticles and exosomes will require a standardization of fabrication and isolation techniques, as well as stricter regulations to ensure reproducibility across various studies and disease models. This review will summarize current research on exosome therapeutics and the application of biomimetic nanoparticles in cardiac regenerative medicine, as well as applications for exosome expansion and delivery on a large clinical scale.

外泌体和仿生纳米颗粒具有发展成为再生医学行业大规模治疗平台的巨大潜力。外泌体是直径范围为 30-100 nm 的 EV 的一个亚类，最近作为治疗包括心脏病在内的各种疾病的创新方法而受到关注。它们的有益因素和再生特性可以与各种细胞类型进行对比。各种仿生纳米颗粒也已成为再生医学的独特平台。仿生纳米颗粒是一种药物输送平台，能够包含生物和人造成分，以提高治疗效率和靶向性。这些平台的新颖性为进一步研究后的未来临床转化带来了希望。为了将外泌体疗法和仿生纳米颗粒转化为大规模的临床治疗，必须首先考虑和改进许多因素。从外泌体分离到储存条件的不同方案的标准化必须进行优化，以确保批次的纯度。标准化对于确保跨研究的过程没有变异也很重要，从而更容易解释不同疾病模型和治疗方法的数据。扩大仿生纳米粒子和外泌体的临床试验将需要制造和分离技术的标准化，以及更严格的法规，以确保各种研究和疾病模型的可重复性。本综述将总结当前外泌体疗法的研究和仿生纳米粒子在心脏再生医学中的应用，以及外泌体扩展和大规模临床递送的应用。