This systematic review synthesizes evidence of how people use the internet to deploy covert strategies around escaping from, or perpetrating, intimate partner violence (IPV). Online tools and services can facilitate individuals leaving abusive relationships, yet they can also act as a barrier to departure. They may also enable abusive behaviors. A comprehensive literature search of published and unpublished studies in electronic databases was conducted. Two researchers independently screened abstracts and full texts for study eligibility and evaluated the quality of included studies. The systematic review includes 22 studies (9 qualitative and 11 cross-sectional studies, a randomized control trial [RCT] and a nonrandomized study [NRS]) published between 2004 and 2017. Four covert behaviors linked to covert online strategies around IPV were identified: presence online, granular control, use of digital support tools and services, and stalking and surveillance. The same technology that provides individuals with easy access to information and supportive services related to IPV, such as digital devices, tools, and services, also enables perpetrators to monitor or harass their partners. This review takes a rigorous interdisciplinary approach to synthesizing knowledge on the covert strategies adopted by people in relation to IPV. It has particular relevance to practitioners who support survivors in increasing awareness of the role of digital technologies in IPV, to law enforcement agencies in identifying new forms of evidence of abuse, and in enabling designers of online/social media applications to take the needs and vulnerabilities of IPV survivors into account.

中文翻译：

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关于亲密伴侣暴力的秘密在线策略的证据综合。

这篇系统评价综合了人们如何使用互联网部署秘密策略以逃避或实施亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 的证据。在线工具和服务可以帮助个人离开虐待关系，但它们也可以成为离开的障碍。它们也可能导致虐待行为。对电子数据库中已发表和未发表的研究进行了全面的文献检索。两名研究人员独立筛选摘要和全文以获得研究资格，并评估纳入研究的质量。系统评价包括 2004 年至 2017 年间发表的 22 项研究（9 项定性研究和 11 项横断面研究、一项随机对照试验 [RCT] 和一项非随机研究 [NRS]）。确定了与围绕 IPV 的隐蔽在线策略相关的四种隐蔽行为：在线存在、精细控制、使用数字支持工具和服务以及跟踪和监视。为个人提供轻松访问与 IPV 相关的信息和支持服务（例如数字设备、工具和服务）的相同技术，也使犯罪者能够监控或骚扰他们的合作伙伴。本综述采用严格的跨学科方法来综合人们在 IPV 方面采用的隐蔽策略的知识。它与支持幸存者提高对数字技术在 IPV 中的作用的认识的从业人员、执法机构识别新形式的虐待证据、