Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising tools for cell therapy, that are isolated from bone marrow and many other adult tissues such as liver, cord blood, placenta, dental pulp and adipose tissue. Due to the lack of MHC class II expression on the surface of MSCs, they can also be used as a potent cell source for tissue regeneration in non-autologous cell therapy applications. Many advantages of MSCs such as their self-renewal, in vitro proliferation, rapid cell doubling capacity, anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects, and also paracrine nature have been demonstrated in various pre-- clinical studies and clinical evidence. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, as well as the lack of ethical issues in comparison with embryonic and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), has introduced them as a suitable candidate for cell therapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various clinical trials based on MSCs for the treatment of a variety of diseases, demonstrating their capability in the treatment of dermatological, musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastroenterological and urological conditions, etc.

间充质干细胞 (MSC) 是最有前途的细胞治疗工具之一，它是从骨髓和许多其他成人组织（如肝脏、脐带血、胎盘、牙髓和脂肪组织）中分离出来的。由于 MSCs 表面缺乏 MHC II 类表达，它们也可用作非自体细胞治疗应用中组织再生的有效细胞来源。间充质干细胞的许多优点，例如它们的自我更新、体外增殖、快速的细胞倍增能力、抗纤维化、抗凋亡、抗炎、免疫调节和免疫抑制作用，以及旁分泌性质已在各种临床前研究中得到证实。研究和临床证据。MSCs 分化为多个细胞谱系的能力，以及与胚胎和诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC) 相比缺乏伦理问题，已将它们作为细胞治疗的合适候选者。本综述全面概述了基于 MSCs 治疗各种疾病的各种临床试验，展示了它们在治疗皮肤病、肌肉骨骼、神经、心血管、呼吸、肾脏、胃肠病和泌尿系统疾病等方面的能力。