Peer connections in adolescence shape mental health in ways that differ by gender. However, it is unclear whether this association has an enduring impact on life course mental health. Using growth models with survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health Waves I–IV, N = 13,821, 51% white, 49% male), we examine how two dimensions of social integration during adolescence—popularity and sociality—predict depressive symptom trajectories from adolescence to adulthood (ages 12–32) by gender. We find that for both men and women, low sociality predicts higher depressive levels through adolescence into adulthood. For women, higher popularity predicts greater depressive symptoms in adolescence, followed by a steeper decline to lower levels in early adulthood. Overall, this study suggests that social integration among peers in adolescence has long-term consequences for mental health that vary by gender.

青少年时期的同伴联系以不同性别的方式塑造心理健康。然而，目前尚不清楚这种关联是否对生命历程的心理健康产生持久影响。使用增长模型和来自全国青少年到成人健康纵向研究的调查数据（添加健康波浪 I-IV，N = 13,821，51% 白人，49% 男性），我们研究了青春期社会融合的两个维度——受欢迎程度和社交性——按性别预测从青春期到成年（12-32 岁）的抑郁症状轨迹。我们发现，对于男性和女性而言，低社会性预示着从青春期到成年期的抑郁程度会更高。对于女性来说，较高的人气预示着青春期的抑郁症状会更严重，然后在成年早期会急剧下降到较低的水平。总体，