Irrigation water could be a direct source of pathogenic microorganisms that contaminates fresh produce and causes human diseases. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and its serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis, antimicrobial susceptibility and multidrug resistance (MDR) status, and seasonal variation, of Salmonella spp. in irrigation water of King Abdullah Canal (KAC) and Wadi Shueib (WS) in Jordan. The study results demonstrated that 32.2% (29/90) of irrigation water was contaminated with Salmonella spp. and the irrigation water of WS was found highly contaminated (62.1%) with Salmonella spp. compared to KAC (37.9%). In addition, higher prevalence of Salmonella were recorded in spring (33.3%) and summer (36.3%) seasons, compared to winter seasons. Among the contaminated irrigation water samples, prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium serotype was found in (37.9%) (11/29) samples, while S. Enteritidis was absent. The most common antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates was observed as tetracycline (11/29, 37.9%) and 6 (20.7%) Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were found multidrug resistance (MDR). Thus, this study results confirmed that the irrigation water was contaminated with pathogenic MDR Salmonella spp.

中文翻译：

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沙门氏菌的流行率和抗菌素耐药性。来自约旦两大水源的灌溉用水

灌溉用水可能是病原微生物的直接来源，这些微生物会污染新鲜农产品并导致人类疾病。在这项研究中，我们评估了沙门氏菌属的流行情况。及其血清型鼠伤寒杆菌和肠炎，沙门氏菌属的抗生素敏感性和多药耐药 (MDR) 状态以及季节性变化。约旦阿卜杜拉国王运河 (KAC) 和 Wadi Shueib (WS) 的灌溉用水。研究结果表明，32.2% (29/90) 的灌溉水被沙门氏菌污染。并且发现 WS 的灌溉水被沙门氏菌高度污染（62.1%）。与 KAC (37.9%) 相比。此外，与冬季相比，春季 (33.3%) 和夏季 (36.3%) 的沙门氏菌流行率更高。在受污染的灌溉水样中，在 (37.9%) (11/29) 样本中发现鼠伤寒沙门氏菌血清型的流行，而肠炎沙门氏菌不存在。观察到的沙门氏菌分离株最常见的抗菌素耐药性是四环素 (11/29, 37.9%)，发现 6 个 (20.7%) 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌分离株具有多重耐药性 (MDR)。因此，本研究结果证实灌溉水被致病性耐多药沙门氏菌污染。