Visual attention in complex, dynamic scenes is attracted to locations that contain socially relevant features, such as faces, and to areas that are visually salient. Previous work suggests that there is a global shift over development such that observers increasingly attend to faces with age. However, no prior work has tested whether this shift is truly global, that is, consistent across and within stimuli despite variations in content. To test the global shift hypothesis, we recorded eye movements of 89 children (6 months to 10 years) and adults while they viewed 7 video clips. We measured the extent to which each participant attended to faces and to salient areas for each video. There was no evidence of global age-related changes in attention: Neither feature showed consistent increases or decreases with age. Moreover, windowed analyses within each stimulus video revealed significant moment-to-moment variations in the relation between age and each visual feature (via a bootstrapping analysis). For some time windows, adults looked more often at both feature types compared to infants and children. However, for other time windows, the pattern was reversed-younger participants looked more at faces and salient locations. Lack of consistent directional effects provides strong evidence against the global shift hypothesis. We suggest an alternative explanation: Over development, observers increasingly prioritize when and where to look by learning to track which features are relevant within a scene. Implications for the development of visual attention and children's understanding of screen-based media are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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婴儿和儿童对面部和显着区域的注意力的发展变化在视频刺激之间和内部有所不同。

复杂、动态场景中的视觉注意力会被包含社交相关特征（如面部）的位置以及视觉上显着的区域所吸引。以前的工作表明，发展发生了全球性的转变，以至于观察者越来越关注随着年龄增长的面孔。然而，之前的工作还没有测试过这种转变是否真的是全球性的，也就是说，尽管内容有所不同，但在刺激之间和内部是一致的。为了测试全局偏移假设，我们记录了 89 名儿童（6 个月至 10 岁）和成人在观看 7 个视频剪辑时的眼球运动。我们测量了每个参与者对每个视频的面部和显着区域的关注程度。没有证据表明注意力的全球年龄相关变化：这两个特征都没有随着年龄的增长而持续增加或减少。而且，每个刺激视频中的窗口分析揭示了年龄与每个视觉特征之间关系的显着时刻变化（通过引导分析）。在某些时间段内，与婴儿和儿童相比，成年人更频繁地查看这两种特征类型。然而，对于其他时间窗口，这种模式是相反的——年轻的参与者更多地关注面孔和显着位置。缺乏一致的方向效应为反对全球转移假设提供了强有力的证据。我们建议另一种解释：在开发过程中，观察者通过学习跟踪场景中哪些特征相关，越来越优先考虑何时何地查看。讨论了视觉注意力发展和儿童对基于屏幕的媒体的理解的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，