The use of alloplastic materials in periodontal regenerative therapies is limited by their incapacity to establish a dynamic dialog with the surrounding milieu. The aim of the present study was to control biomaterial surface bioactivity by introducing aptamers to induce the selective adsorption of fibronectin from blood, thus promoting platelets activation in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo. A hyaluronic acid/polyethyleneglycole-based hydrogel was enriched with aptamers selected for recognizing and binding fibronectin. In vitro, the capacity of constructs to support osteoblast adhesion, as well as platelets aggregation and activation was assessed by chemiluminescence within 24 h. Matrices were then evaluated in a rat periodontal defect to assess their regenerative potential by microcomputed tomography (CT) and their osteogenic capacity by Luminex assay 5, 15 and 30 d postoperatively. Aptamers were found to confer matrices the capacity of sustaining firm cell adhesion (p = 0.0377) and to promote platelets activation (p = 0.0442). In vivo, aptamers promoted new bone formation 30 d post-operatively (p < 0.001) by enhancing osteoblastic lineage commitment maturation. Aptamers are a viable surface modification, which confers alloplastic materials the potential capacity to orchestrate blood clot formation, thus controlling bone healing.

同种异体材料在牙周再生治疗中的使用受到限制，因为它们无法与周围环境建立动态对话。本研究的目的是通过引入适配体来控制生物材料表面生物活性，诱导血液中纤连蛋白的选择性吸附，从而促进体外血小板活化和体内骨再生。基于透明质酸/聚乙二醇的水凝胶富含选择用于识别和结合纤连蛋白的适体。在体外，通过化学发光在 24 小时内评估构建体支持成骨细胞粘附以及血小板聚集和活化的能力。然后在大鼠牙周缺损中评估基质，通过显微计算机断层扫描 (CT) 评估其再生潜力，并在术后 5、15 和 30 天通过 Luminex 测定评估其成骨能力。研究发现适体赋予基质维持牢固细胞粘附的能力（p = 0.0377）并促进血小板活化（p = 0.0442）。在体内，适体通过增强成骨细胞谱系成熟，促进术后 30 天新骨形成 (p < 0.001)。适体是一种可行的表面修饰，它赋予同种异体材料协调血凝块形成的潜在能力，从而控制骨愈合。