This study explored offenders' perception of their barriers to employment and investigated the role of criminal attitudes in parolees recently released from prison. An analysis of open-ended responses from offenders indicated that they perceived having a criminal record as the largest barrier to employment. Structural equation modeling, utilizing a cross-sectional design, indicated moderate support for a model of criminal thinking as a predictor of perceived barriers and of self-efficacy. Survey results also found that criminal attitudes have a positive direct relationship with perception of barriers in work and education, with perception of barriers increasing as criminal thinking increases. Furthermore, criminal thinking has a negative direct relationship with job search self-efficacy, with job search self-efficacy decreasing as criminal thinking increases. Criminal thinking also had an indirect relationship with career aspirations through job search self-efficacy. Findings have implications for vocational programming for parolees.

中文翻译：

---

假释者的就业认知：感知障碍和犯罪思维的作用。

这项研究探讨了罪犯对其就业障碍的看法，并调查了犯罪态度在最近出狱的假释者中的作用。对犯罪者的开放式回答的分析表明，他们认为有犯罪记录是就业的最大障碍。利用横截面设计的结构方程模型表明，对犯罪思维模型作为感知障碍和自我效能的预测指标的适度支持。调查结果还发现，犯罪态度与对工作和教育障碍的感知存在积极的直接关系，随着犯罪思维的增加，对障碍的感知也随之增加。此外，犯罪思维与求职自我效能感呈负相关，随着犯罪思维的增加，求职自我效能感下降。犯罪思维还通过求职自我效能感与职业抱负存在间接关系。调查结果对假释者的职业规划有影响。