I provide evidence on the direct effects of legal same-sex marriage in the United States by studying Massachusetts, the first state to legalize it in 2004 by court order. Using confidential Massachusetts data from 2001–2013, I show that the ruling significantly increased marriage among lesbians, bisexual women, and gay men compared with the associated change for heterosexuals. I find no significant effects on coupling. Marriage take-up effects are larger for lesbians than for bisexual women or gay men and are larger for households with children than for households without children. Consistent with prior work in the United States and Europe, I find no reductions in heterosexual marriage.

中文翻译：

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美国合法同性婚姻的直接影响：来自马萨诸塞州的证据。

我通过研究马萨诸塞州来提供关于合法同性婚姻在美国的直接影响的证据，马萨诸塞州是 2004 年第一个通过法院命令将其合法化的州。我使用马萨诸塞州 2001 年至 2013 年的机密数据表明，与异性恋者的相关变化相比，该裁决显着增加了女同性恋者、双性恋女性和男同性恋者的婚姻。我发现对耦合没有显着影响。女同性恋者的婚姻吸收效应大于双性恋女性或男同性恋者，有孩子的家庭比没有孩子的家庭的婚姻吸收效应更大。与之前在美国和欧洲的工作一致，我发现异性婚姻并没有减少。