Pathogen avoidance is an important motive underlying human behavior and is associated with numerous psychological processes—including biases against social groups heuristically associated with illness. Although there are reliable measurement scales to assess chronic dispositional levels of pathogen avoidance, no measurement scale currently exists to directly assess moment-to-moment fluctuations in pathogen avoidance. This paper presents the Situational Pathogen Avoidance (SPA) scale, which assesses situational variability in pathogen avoidance, especially as it pertains to avoidance of social stimuli. Across six studies, we demonstrate the reliability and validity of the SPA scale, show that the scale is influenced by situational activation of pathogen avoidance motives, and demonstrate that it mediates the association between pathogen avoidance motives (both chronic and situational) and social biases against obese and foreign targets. The SPA scale provides a valuable measurement tool for researchers who study pathogen avoidance and to those who study social biases more generally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40806-020-00256-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

中文翻译：

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捕捉病原体回避的波动：情境病原体回避量表

避免病原体是人类行为的一个重要动机，并且与许多心理过程有关——包括对与疾病相关的社会群体的偏见。尽管有可靠的测量量表来评估避免病原体的慢性倾向水平，但目前没有直接评估病原体回避的瞬间波动的测量量表。本文介绍了情景病原体回避 (SPA) 量表，该量表评估病原体回避的情景变异性，尤其是与回避社会刺激有关的情况。在六项研究中，我们证明了 SPA 量表的可靠性和有效性，表明该量表受病原体避免动机的情境激活的影响，并证明它介导了病原体避免动机（慢性和情境）与对肥胖和外国目标的社会偏见之间的关联。SPA 量表为研究避免病原体的研究人员和更普遍地研究社会偏见的研究人员提供了一种有价值的测量工具。电子补充材料 本文的在线版本 (10.1007/s40806-020-00256-8) 包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。