The agencies of the government of the United States of America, such as the Food and Drug Administration or the Environmental Protection Agency, intervene in American society through the collection, processing, and diffusion of information. The Presidency of Barack Obama was notable for updating and redesigning the US government’s information infrastructure. The White House enhanced mass consultation through open government and big data initiatives to evaluate policy effectiveness, and it launched new ways of communicating with the citizenry. In this essay we argue that these programs spelled out an emergent epistemology based on two assumptions: dispersed knowledge and a critique of judgment. These programs have redefined the evidence required to justify and design regulatory policy and conferred authority to a new kind of expert, which we call epistemic consultants.

中文翻译：

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奥巴马政府的认知顾问与政策知识监管

美国政府的机构，如食品和药物管理局或环境保护署，通过信息的收集、处理和传播对美国社会进行干预。巴拉克奥巴马总统以更新和重新设计美国政府的信息基础设施而著称。白宫通过开放政府和大数据举措加强了群众咨询，以评估政策有效性，并推出了与公民沟通的新方式。在这篇文章中，我们认为这些程序阐明了一种基于两个假设的新兴认识论：分散的知识和对判断的批判。这些计划重新定义了证明和设计监管政策所需的证据，并将权力授予一种新型专家，