Antimicrobial stewardship is a recent concept that embodies the practical, judicious use of antimicrobials to decrease adverse outcomes from antimicrobials while optimizing the treatment of bacterial infections to reduce the emergence of resistant pathogens. The objectives of the present statement are to illustrate the principles of antimicrobial stewardship and to offer practical examples of how to make antimicrobial stewardship part of everyday hospital and outpatient practice. Vital components of antimicrobial stewardship include appropriate testing to diagnose whether infections are viral or bacterial, and using clinical follow-up rather than antibiotics in cases in which the child is not very ill and uncertainty exists. Other specific, important actions include questioning whether positive urine cultures are contaminated when there is no evidence of pyuria or inflammatory changes, and obtaining a chest radiograph to support a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. Optimizing the choice and dosage of antimicrobials also reduces the probability of clinical failures and subsequent courses of antimicrobials. A list of common clinical scenarios to promote stewardship is included.

中文翻译：

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日常抗菌管理：管理重要资源

抗菌素管理是一个最新概念，体现了抗菌素的实际，明智使用，以减少抗菌素的不良后果，同时优化细菌感染的治疗，以减少耐药病原体的出现。本声明的目的是说明抗菌素管理的原理，并提供有关如何使抗菌素管理成为日常医院和门诊实践的一部分的实际示例。抗菌管理的重要组成部分包括适当的测试，以诊断感染是病毒感染还是细菌感染，并且在孩子病得很重且存在不确定性的情况下，使用临床随访而不是抗生素。其他具体，重要的行动包括：在没有脓尿或炎症改变的证据时，质疑尿液阳性培养物是否受到污染；以及获取胸部X光片以支持细菌性肺炎的诊断。优化抗菌药物的选择和剂量还可以降低临床失败和随后的抗菌药物疗程的可能性。其中包括促进管理的常见临床方案清单。