The ambiguity of geophysical inversions, which is based on a single geophysical method, is a long-standing problem in geophysical exploration. Therefore, multi-method geophysical prospecting has become a popular topic. In multi-method geophysical prospecting, the joint inversion of seismic and electric data has been extensively researched for decades. However, the methods used for hybrid seismic–electric data acquisition that form the base for multi-method geophysical prospecting techniques have not yet been explored in detail. In this work, we developed a distributed, high-precision, hybrid seismic–electrical data acquisition system using advanced Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology. The system was equipped with a hybrid data acquisition board, a high-performance embedded motherboard based on field-programmable gate array, an advanced RISC machine, and host software. The data acquisition board used an ADS1278 24 bit analog-to-digital converter and FPGA-based digital filtering techniques to perform high-precision data acquisition. The equivalent input noise of the data acquisition board was only 0.5 µV with a sampling rate of 1000 samples per second and front-end gain of 40 dB. The multiple data acquisition stations of our system were synchronized using oven-controlled crystal oscillators and global positioning system technologies. Consequently, the clock frequency error of the system was less than 10⁻⁹ Hz at 1 Hz after calibration, and the synchronization accuracy of the data acquisition stations was ±200 ns. The use of sophisticated NB-IoT technologies allowed the long-distance wireless communication between the control center and the data acquisition stations. In validation experiments, it was found that our system was operationally stable and reliable, produced highly accurate data, and it was functionally flexible and convenient. Furthermore, using this system, it is also possible to monitor the real-time quality of data acquisition processes. We believe that the results obtained in this study will drive the advancement of prospective integrated seismic–electrical technologies and promote the use of IoT technologies in geophysical instrumentation.

中文翻译：

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基于窄带物联网（NB-IoT）技术的分布式分布式地震电数据混合采集系统的开发

基于单一地球物理方法的地球物理反演的含混性是地球物理勘探中长期存在的问题。因此，多方法物探已经成为一个热门话题。在多方法地球物理勘探中，数十年来对地震和电数据的联合反演已经进行了广泛的研究。但是，尚未对构成多方法地球物理勘探技术基础的用于混合地震电数据采集的方法进行详细探讨。在这项工作中，我们使用先进的窄带物联网（NB-IoT）技术开发了一种分布式，高精度的混合地震电数据采集系统。该系统配备了混合数据采集板，基于现场可编程门阵列的高性能嵌入式主板，先进的RISC机器和主机软件。数据采集​​板使用ADS1278 24位模数转换器和基于FPGA的数字滤波技术来执行高精度数据采集。数据采集​​板的等效输入噪声仅为0.5 µ V，采样率为每秒1000个样本，前端增益为40 dB。我们系统的多个数据采集站使用烤箱控制的晶体振荡器和全球定位系统技术进行了同步。因此， 校准后系统在1 Hz时的时钟频率误差小于10 ^-9 Hz，数据采集站的同步精度为±200 ns。先进的NB-IoT技术的使用使控制中心和数据采集站之间可以进行长距离无线通信。在验证实验中，发现我们的系统运行稳定可靠，生成了高度准确的数据，并且功能灵活且方便。此外，使用该系统，还可以监视数据采集过程的实时质量。我们相信，这项研究中获得的结果将推动未来的集成地震电技术的发展，并促进物联网技术在地球物理仪器中的使用。