Abstract. The Cu-dump field Piesky is an important historical abandoned mining area in the region of central Europe, well known for the high content of heavy metals in its soil, especially copper, the content of which varies from 933.40 to 1485.40 mg kg−1. Floristic and phytosociological research was carried out here during the vegetation seasons in 2011–2014. Altogether a total of 156 taxa of vascular plants were found. The most common species were Acetosella vulgaris, Agrostis capillaris, A. stolonifera, Arabidopsis arenosa and Festuca rubra, which were important constituents of all mine heaps in central Slovakia. We examined a total of 11 phytosociological releves at various sites, which were selected to capture the variability of plant communities throughout topographical and ecological variability, various successional stages and impacts from humans. They were classified into five habitats: initial successional stages, grasslands, forest stands, wetland and feeding grounds for wild animals. Each site was evaluated in terms of its species richness, index of diversity and the representation of metallophytic, alien invasive species, synanthrophytes and native non-apophytes. This representation is based on species number and abundance, and their ratios to all taxa abundance and species richness are reflected by several indicators, which we have called indexes of metallophytization, synanthropization and naturalness of the vegetation (community) composition. In addition, indexes of invasive alien taxa and native non-apophytes proportion were used. Furthermore, each of the 11 sites was characterized by its basic topographic properties and climatic and edaphic variables, using the phytoindication approach based on the Ellenberg indicator values. The correlation analysis has uncovered several important and significant associations between some of these indicators and the climatic and edaphic variables. The negative correlations between the number of native non-apophytes and temperature (and between their relative abundances in the individual habitats and light) partially confirm that on mine heaps the numbers of synanthrophytes retreat into climax forest stands. Other correlations confirm that synanthropisation of the vegetation at a site is also higher in more eutrophic and less acidic soils for mine heaps. The species richness was highest in the grasslands and wetland and lowest in the initial succession stages, while beta diversity decreased in an opposite direction. Most synanthrophytes were found on grasslands, attracted by higher amount of nutrients in the soil, brought by sewage sludge from water treatment plants during partial recultivation of this mine heap in the years 2000 and 2010. The idea behind it was to support and accelerate the succession, however the use of the sludge may not have been the best option. Despite strict control of its chemical content, a high input of nutrients inevitably increases numbers of synanthrophytes in the vegetation cover. Finally, planting deciduous trees on young mine heaps as a method of directed succession is a better option than planting coniferous ones. The latter trees create acidic litter, increasing heavy metal mobility in the soil. We have found the dump heap Piesky to be a very suitable locality for studying processes of primary and directed succession in extreme environments and their impacts on the floristic composition of vegetation.

中文翻译：

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废弃铜场 Piesky（Staré Hory Mountains，斯洛伐克）的植物区系组成分析

摘要。Cu-dump 场 Piesky 是中欧地区一个重要的历史废弃矿区，以其土壤中重金属含量高而闻名，尤其是铜，其含量从 933.40 到 1485.40 mg kg-1 不等。植物区系和植物社会学研究是在 2011-2014 年的植被季节期间进行的。总共发现了156个维管植物分类群。最常见的物种是 Acetosella vulgaris、Agrostis capillaris、A. stolonifera、拟南芥和 Festuca rubra，它们是斯洛伐克中部所有矿堆的重要成分。我们在不同地点总共检查了 11 个植物社会学相关信息，选择这些信息是为了捕捉整个地形和生态变异性中植物群落的变异性，不同的演替阶段和人类的影响。它们分为五个栖息地：初始演替阶段、草地、林分、湿地和野生动物的觅食地。每个地点都根据其物种丰富度、多样性指数以及金属植物、外来入侵物种、合人类植物和本地非植物植物的代表性进行评估。这种表示基于物种数量和丰度，它们与所有类群丰度和物种丰富度的比率由几个指标反映，我们称之为金属植物化、协同化和植被（群落）组成的自然性指数。此外，还使用了外来入侵类群和本地非蚜虫比例的指标。此外，使用基于 Ellenberg 指标值的植物指示方法，11 个地点中的每一个都以其基本地形特性以及气候和土壤变量为特征。相关性分析揭示了其中一些指标与气候和土壤变量之间的几个重要且显着的关联。本地非孢子植物数量与温度（以及它们在个别栖息地和光照中的相对丰度之间）之间的负相关部分证实了矿堆上的同人类植物数量退回到高潮林分。其他相关性证实，在富营养化和酸性较低的矿堆土壤中，一个地点的植被的协同作用也更高。物种丰富度在草地和湿地中最高，在演替初期最低，而β多样性则相反。大多数合成人在草原上被发现，在 2000 年和 2010 年该矿堆的部分复垦过程中，水处理厂的污水污泥带来了土壤中更高量的养分。其背后的想法是支持和加速演替，但是使用污泥可能不是最好的选择。尽管对其化学成分进行了严格控制，但大量的营养物质输入不可避免地会增加植被覆盖中的合人类植物的数量。最后，在年轻的矿堆上种植落叶树作为定向继承的方法比种植针叶树更好。后一种树会产生酸性垃圾，增加土壤中重金属的迁移率。我们发现垃圾堆 Piesky 非常适合研究极端环境中的原始和定向演替过程及其对植被区系组成的影响。