The near-surface groundwater aquifer that threatened the Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt, was investigated using integrated geophysical surveys. A total of 10 electrical resistivity imaging, 26 shallow seismic refraction, and 19 ground-penetrating radar surveys were conducted in the Giza Plateau. Collected data for each method were evaluated by state-of-the art processing and modeling techniques. A three-layer model depicts the subsurface layers and better delineates the groundwater aquifer and water table elevation. The resistivity of the aquifer layer and seismic velocity vary between 40 and 80 Ωm and between 1500 and 2500 m s⁻¹, respectively. The average water table elevation is about +15 m, which is safe for the Great Sphinx, but it is still subjected to potential hazards from the Nazlet El-Samman suburb where the water table elevation reaches 17 m. A shallower water table at the Valley Temple and the tomb of Queen Khentkawes, with a low topographic relief, represents severe hazards. It can be concluded that a perched groundwater table is detected in the elevated topography to the west and southwest that might be due to runoff and capillary seepage.

中文翻译：

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浅层地球物理技术研究埃及吉萨大金字塔的地下水位

使用综合地球物理调查研究了威胁埃及吉萨大金字塔的近地表地下水含水层。在吉萨高原总共进行了10次电阻率成像，26次浅地震折射和19次探地雷达测量。通过最新的处理和建模技术对每种方法收集的数据进行了评估。一个三层模型描述了地下层，并更好地描绘了地下水含水层和地下水位高程。含水层的电阻率和地震速度分别在40至80Ωm和1500至2500 m s ^-1之间变化 。地下水位平均高程约为 +15 m对大狮身人面像是安全的，但是它仍然受到纳兹莱特-萨曼（Nazlet El-Samman）郊区的潜在危害，那里的地下水位达到17 m。山谷神庙和肯特卡威斯皇后陵墓的地下水位较浅，地势起伏较小，表示严重的灾害。可以得出结论，在西部和西南部的高架地形中检测到一个地下水位，这可能是由于径流和毛细血管渗漏造成的。