Background: Nowadays, microbial infections are considered the most important causes of morbidity and mortality. Various microorganisms including biofilm-forming bacteria reported playing a crucial role in such public health concerns. On the other hand, the inefficacy of conventional antimicrobial agents due to various reasons including drug resistance creates a need for the development of effective drug molecules. In this context, nanoparticles can be promisingly used in the management of all such concerns.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate antibacterial and biofilm removal efficacy of various metal nanoparticles against biofilm-forming bacteria.

Methods: Various metal nanoparticles including silver (AgNPs), copper (CuNPs) and zinc oxide (ZnONPs) were synthesized from plant leaf extracts of Punica granatum, Citrus medica, and Annona squamosa, respectively.

Results: Thus synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for their antibacterial and biofilm removal efficacies against Enterococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi to propose a promising approach towards management of such pathogens. In vitro antibacterial study demonstrated that AgNPs showed the maximum efficacy against all the test bacteria followed by CuNPs and ZnONPs.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that the metal nanoparticles can be effectively used for the removal of biofilm and also as antimicrobial agents for the management of microbial pathogens responsible for dreadful infections.

背景：如今，微生物感染被认为是发病率和死亡率的最重要原因。据报道，包括形成生物膜的细菌在内的各种微生物在此类公共卫生问题中起着至关重要的作用。另一方面，由于包括抗药性在内的各种原因，常规抗微生物剂的无效性产生了对开发有效药物分子的需求。在这种情况下，纳米颗粒有望用于处理所有此类问题。

目的：该研究旨在评估各种金属纳米颗粒对形成生物膜的细菌的抗菌和生物膜去除功效。

方法：分别从石榴属植物，柑桔属和扁叶番荔枝的植物叶片提取物中合成了各种金属纳米粒子，包括银（AgNPs），铜（CuNPs）和氧化锌（ZnONPs）。

结果：评估了由此合成的纳米颗粒对肠球菌，溶血性葡萄球菌，产气肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抗菌和生物膜去除效果，从而提出了一种有前途的方法来处理此类病原体。体外抗菌研究表明，AgNPs对所有测试细菌显示出最大的功效，其次是CuNPs和ZnONPs。

结论：我们的结果表明，金属纳米颗粒可有效用于生物膜的去除，也可作为抗菌剂用于管理引起可怕感染的微生物病原体。