Decarbonisation of the electricity system requires significant and continued investment in low-carbon energy sources and electrification of the heat and transport sectors. With diminishing output and shorter operating hours of conventional large-scale fossil fuel generators, there is a growing need and opportunity for other emerging technologies to provide flexibility in the context of grid support, balancing, security services, and investment options to support a cost-effective transition to a lower-carbon energy system. This article summarises the key findings from a range of studies investigating the potential benefits and challenges associated with the future low-carbon energy system. The key challenges associated with balancing local, national and regional objectives to minimise the overall cost of decarbonising the future energy system are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of cross-energy vector flexibility, and coordination across electricit...

中文翻译：

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灵活性在促进经济高效的能源系统脱碳中的作用和价值

电力系统的脱碳需要对低碳能源进行大量且持续的投资，以及供热和运输部门的电气化。随着传统大型化石燃料发电机的输出减少和运行时间缩短，其他新兴技术在提供网格支持，平衡，安全服务和投资选择以支持成本的背景下提供灵活性的需求和机会日益增长。有效过渡到低碳能源系统。本文总结了一系列研究的主要发现，这些研究调查了与未来低碳能源系统相关的潜在利益和挑战。与平衡本地，还讨论了将减少未来能源系统脱碳总成本的国家和地区目标。此外，本文还强调了交叉能量矢量灵活性以及跨电力协调的重要性。