Electrorheological (ER) fluids can be used in applications such as shock absorbers, haptic devices, and prosthetic limbs; however, the disposal of conventional ER-fluid constituents poses environmental and health risks. Herein, ecoresorbable smart fluids have been developed that consist of SiO₂/TiO₂ hollow nanoparticles (HNPs), doped with various biodegradable metals (Mg, Zn, and Fe) as electroresponsive materials and soybean oil as a carrier fluid. The presence of these metals in the metal-doped HNPs-based smart fluids significantly enhance their electroresponsive behavior, compared to their undoped counterparts; this is attributable to their improved dielectric properties and near-optimum electrical conductivities. The ER behavior of these ecoresorbable smart fluids can be described by the Wagner model. Moreover, the metal dopants minimally impact the high colloidal stability achieved by the porous structures of the HNPs in the ER fluids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to develop degradable ER fluids. Exciting avenues for future research include the development of commercial applications for these green smart fluids.

中文翻译：

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通过各种金属掺杂可控制电响应特性的可吸收性智能流体

电流变（ER）流体可用于减震器，触觉设备和假肢等应用中；然而，常规ER流体成分的处置带来环境和健康风险。在此，已经开发了由SiO ₂ / TiO ₂组成的可吸收性智能流体。空心纳米粒子（HNP），掺有各种可生物降解的金属（Mg，Zn和Fe）作为电响应材料，并以大豆油作为载液。与未掺杂的对应物相比，金属掺杂的基于HNPs的智能流体中这些金属的存在显着增强了它们的电响应性能。这归因于它们改善的介电性能和接近最佳的电导率。这些可吸收性智能流体的ER行为可以通过Wagner模型来描述。此外，金属掺杂剂对ER流体中HNP的多孔结构实现的高胶体稳定性的影响最小。据我们所知，这是开发可降解ER流体的第一项研究。未来研究的激动人心的途径包括开发这些绿色智能流体的商业应用。