With Denmark dedicated to maintaining its leading position in the integration of massive shares of wind energy, the construction of new offshore energy islands has been recently approved by the Danish government. These new islands will be zero-inertia systems, meaning that no synchronous generation will be installed in the island and that power imbalances will be shared only among converters. To this end, this paper proposes a telecommunication-free frequency droop controller to maintain the active power balance in the offshore system and guarantee N-1 security. Although offshore systems are the main focus of this paper, the presented methodology could be applied to any other zero- or low-inertia system. The frequency droop gains are calculated solving an optimization problem which takes into consideration the small-signal and transient stability of the system. As a consequence, the proposed controller allows for greater loadability of the offshore converters at pre-fault state and guarantees their safe operation in the event of any power imbalance.

中文翻译：

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零惯性海上电网：N-1 安全和有源电力共享

丹麦致力于保持其在大量风能整合方面的领先地位，最近丹麦政府批准了新的海上能源岛的建设。这些新岛将是零惯性系统，这意味着岛上不会安装同步发电，并且功率不平衡将仅在转换器之间共享。为此，本文提出了一种免电信频率下垂控制器来维持海上系统的有功功率平衡并保证N-1安全。虽然离岸系统是本文的主要焦点，但所提出的方法可以应用于任何其他零惯性或低惯性系统。计算频率下垂增益以解决考虑系统的小信号和暂态稳定性的优化问题。因此，所提出的控制器允许海上转换器在故障前状态下具有更大的负载能力，并在任何功率不平衡的情况下保证其安全运行。