Abstract

Migration is a period of high activity and exposure during which risks and energetic demand on individuals may be greater than during nonmigratory periods. Stopover locations can help mitigate these threats by providing supplemental energy en route to the animal’s end destination. Effective conservation of migratory species therefore requires an understanding of use of space that provides resources to migratory animals at stopover sites. We conducted a radio-telemetry study of a short-distance migrant, the American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), at an important stopover site, the Cape May Peninsula, New Jersey. Our objectives were to describe land-cover types used by American Woodcock and evaluate home range habitat selection for individuals that stopover during fall migration and those that choose to overwinter. We radio-marked 271 individuals and collected 1,949 locations from these birds (0–21 points individual^–1) over 4 yr (2010 to 2013) to inform resource selection functions of land-cover types and other landscape characteristics by this species. We evaluated these relationships at multiple spatial extents for (1) birds known to have ultimately left the peninsula (presumed migrants), and (2) birds known to have remained on the peninsula into the winter (presumed winter residents). We found that migrants selected deciduous wetland forest, agriculture, mixed shrub, coniferous wetland forest, and coniferous shrub, while wintering residents selected deciduous wetland forest, coniferous shrub, and deciduous shrub. We used these results to develop predictive models of potential habitat: 7.80% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential stopover habitat for American Woodcock (95% classification accuracy) and 4.96% of the peninsula was predicted to be potential wintering habitat (85% classification accuracy). Our study is the first to report habitat relationships for migratory American Woodcock in the coastal U.S. and provides important spatial tools for local and regional managers to support migratory and winter resident woodcock populations into the future.

中文翻译：

---

迁徙状况决定了美国伍德科克在新泽西州开普梅市的重要秋季停留中选择的资源

摘要

移徙是一个活跃和暴露的时期，在此期间，对个人的风险和充满活力的需求可能比非移徙时期更大。中途停留的地点可以通过向动物的最终目的地提供补充能量来帮助缓解这些威胁。因此，有效保护迁徙物种需要了解对空间的利用，该空间可以为中途停留地点的迁徙动物提供资源。我们对短途移民美国伍德科克（Scolopax minor）进行了无线电遥测研究），在重要的中途停留地点，新泽西州开普梅半岛。我们的目标是描述美国伍德科克（American Woodcock）使用的土地覆盖类型，并评估秋季迁徙期间中途停留的人和选择越冬的人的家庭栖息地选择。我们对271个人进行了无线电标记，并从这些鸟类中收集了1,949个位置（个人0–21分^–1）（在4年内（2010年至2013年）），以了解该物种的土地覆盖类型和其他景观特征的资源选择功能。我们对（1）已知最终会离开半岛的鸟类（假定为迁徙者）和（2）已知仍留在半岛上直至冬季的鸟类（假定为冬季居民）在多个空间范围内进行了评估。我们发现移民选择了落叶湿地森林，农业，混合​​灌木，针叶湿地森林和针叶灌木，而越冬的居民则选择了落叶湿地森林，针叶灌木和落叶灌木。我们使用这些结果建立了潜在栖息地的预测模型：据预测，半岛的7.80％是美国伍德科克的潜在中转栖息地（95％的分类精度）和4。预计该半岛的96％是潜在的越冬栖息地（85％的分类精度）。我们的研究首次报告了美国沿海美洲Wood的栖息地关系，并为当地和区域管理者提供了重要的空间工具，以支持未来的冬季wood和迁徙种群。