Antimony mining has resulted in considerable pollution to the soil environment. Although studies on antinomy contamination have been conducted, its effects on vertical soil profiles and depth-resolved microbial communities remain unknown. Current study selected three vertical soil profiles (0–2 m) from the world's largest antimony mining area to characterize the depth-resolved soil microbiota and investigate the effects of mining contamination on microbial adaptation. Results demonstrated that contaminated soil profiles showed distinct depth-resolved effects when compared to uncontaminated soil profiles. As soil depth increased, the concentrations of antimony and arsenic gradually declined in the contaminated soil profiles. Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Thaumarchaeota were the most variable phyla from surface to deep soil. The co-occurrence networks were loosely connected in surface soil, but obviously recovered and were well-connected in deep soil. The metagenomic results indicated that microbial metabolic potential also changed with soil depth. Genes encoding C metabolism pathways were negatively correlated with antimony and arsenic concentrations. Abundances of arsenic-related genes were enriched by severe contamination, but reduced with soil depth. Overall, soil depth-resolved characteristics are often many meters deep and such effects affected the indigenous microbial communities, as well as their metabolic potential due to different contaminants along vertical depths.

中文翻译：

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锑冶炼厂污染的垂直土壤剖面中的微生物适应性。

锑开采对土壤环境造成了相当大的污染。尽管已经进行了抗污染研究，但其对垂直土壤剖面和深度分解的微生物群落的影响仍然未知。当前的研究从世界上最大的锑矿区中选择了三种垂直土壤剖面（0–2 m），以表征深度分解的土壤微生物区系，并研究采矿污染对微生物适应性的影响。结果表明，与未污染的土壤剖面相比，受污染的土壤剖面显示出明显的深度分辨作用。随着土壤深度的增加，受污染的土壤剖面中锑和砷的浓度逐渐降低。从表层到深层土壤，酸性细菌，绿叶弯曲菌，变形杆菌和Thaumarchaeota是变化最大的门。共生网络在表层土壤中松散连接，但在深层土壤中明显恢复并且连接良好。宏基因组学结果表明，微生物代谢潜力也随土壤深度而变化。编码C代谢途径的基因与锑和砷浓度呈负相关。砷污染相关基因的丰度因严重污染而丰富，但随着土壤深度的增加而降低。总体而言，土壤深度分辨特征通常深达几米，这种影响会影响土著微生物群落及其代谢潜力，这是由于沿垂直深度的污染物不同所致。宏基因组学结果表明，微生物代谢潜力也随土壤深度而变化。编码C代谢途径的基因与锑和砷浓度呈负相关。砷污染相关基因的丰度因严重污染而丰富，但随着土壤深度的增加而降低。总体而言，土壤深度分辨特征通常深达几米，这种影响会影响土著微生物群落及其代谢潜力，这是由于沿垂直深度的污染物不同所致。宏基因组学结果表明，微生物代谢潜力也随土壤深度而变化。编码C代谢途径的基因与锑和砷浓度呈负相关。砷污染相关基因的丰度因严重污染而丰富，但随着土壤深度的增加而降低。总体而言，土壤深度分辨特征通常深达几米，这种影响会影响土著微生物群落及其代谢潜力，这是由于沿垂直深度的污染物不同所致。