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Spatial scaling of beta diversity in the shallow-marine fossil record
Paleobiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 , DOI: 10.1017/pab.2020.44
Tom M. Womack , James S. Crampton , Michael J. Hannah

Beta diversity quantifies the spatial structuring of ecological communities and is a fundamental partition of biodiversity, central to understanding many macroecological phenomena in modern biology and paleobiology. Despite its common application in ecology, studies of beta diversity in the fossil record are relatively limited at regional spatial scales that are important for understanding macroevolutionary processes. The spatial scaling of beta diversity in the fossil record is poorly understood, but has significant implications due to temporal variation in the spatial distribution of fossil collections and the large spatiotemporal scales typically employed. Here we test the spatial scaling of several common measures of beta diversity using the Cenozoic shallow-marine molluscan fossil record of New Zealand and derive a spatially standardized time series of beta diversity. To measure spatial scaling, we use and compare grid-cell occupancy based on an equal-area grid and summed minimum spanning tree length, both based on reconstructed paleocoordinates of fossil collections. We find that beta diversity is spatially dependent at local to regional scales, regardless of the metric or spatial scaling utilized, and that spatial standardization significantly changes apparent temporal trends of beta diversity and, therefore, inferences about processes driving diversity change.

中文翻译:

浅海化石记录中β多样性的空间尺度

β多样性量化了生态群落的空间结构,是生物多样性的基本划分,对于理解现代生物学和古生物学中的许多宏观生态现象至关重要。尽管在生态学中普遍应用,但对化石记录中β多样性的研究在区域空间尺度上相对有限,这对于理解宏观进化过程很重要。化石记录中β多样性的空间尺度知之甚少,但由于化石收藏的空间分布的时间变化和通常采用的大时空尺度,它具有重要意义。在这里,我们使用新西兰的新生代浅海软体动物化石记录测试了几种常见的β多样性测量的空间尺度,并得出了β多样性的空间标准化时间序列。为了测量空间尺度,我们使用并比较基于等面积网格和最小生成树长度之和的网格单元占用率,两者均基于化石收藏的重建古坐标。我们发现,无论使用何种度量或空间尺度,β 多样性在空间上都依赖于局部到区域的尺度,并且空间标准化显着改变了 β 多样性的明显时间趋势,因此,对驱动多样性变化的过程的推断。我们使用和比较基于等面积网格和最小生成树长度之和的网格单元占用率,两者均基于化石收藏的重建古坐标。我们发现,无论使用何种度量或空间尺度,β 多样性在空间上都依赖于局部到区域的尺度,并且空间标准化显着改变了 β 多样性的明显时间趋势,因此,对驱动多样性变化的过程的推断。我们使用和比较基于等面积网格和最小生成树长度之和的网格单元占用率,两者均基于化石收藏的重建古坐标。我们发现,无论使用何种度量或空间尺度,β 多样性在空间上都依赖于局部到区域的尺度,并且空间标准化显着改变了 β 多样性的明显时间趋势,因此,对驱动多样性变化的过程的推断。
更新日期:2020-09-24
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