While growing evidence exists on the independent associations between anthocyanins and physical activity on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk determinants, the possible interaction between these exposures has not yet been studied. We aimed to study the potential synergism between anthocyanin intake and physical activity on lipid profile measures. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 US career firefighters participating in the Feeding America’s Bravest trial. Anthocyanin intake was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and physical activity level by a validated questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models determined the extent to which anthocyanin intake and physical activity predicted lipid parameters. Generalized linear models were used for joint effect and interaction analyses on the multiplicative and additive scales. Both anthocyanins and physical activity were independently inversely associated with total cholesterol:high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Only physical activity was inversely associated with triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol:HDL, and triglycerides (TG):HDL. Although the combined exposure of low anthocyanin intake and low physical activity was associated with lower (RR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.42 to 5.67) HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL, neither multiplicative (p = 0.72) nor additive interactions were detected (relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI): 0.02; 95% CI: −1.63 to 1.66; p = 0.98). Our findings provide insight on the potential synergism between anthocyanin intake and physical activity on the lipid profile.

中文翻译：

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花青素摄入量和体力活动：与美国工作人群血脂状况的关联


虽然越来越多的证据表明花青素和体力活动对心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险决定因素之间存在独立关联，但这些暴露之间可能存在的相互作用尚未得到研究。我们的目的是研究花青素摄入量和体力活动对血脂指标的潜在协同作用。这项横断面研究是在参加“Feeding America's Bravest”试验的 249 名美国职业消防员中进行的。花青素摄入量是使用经过验证的食物频率调查问卷（FFQ）计算的，并通过经过验证的调查问卷计算体力活动水平。多变量线性回归模型确定了花青素摄入量和体力活动预测脂质参数的程度。广义线性模型用于乘法和加法尺度上的联合效应和相互作用分析。花青素和体力活动均与总胆固醇：高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇独立呈负相关。只有体力活动与甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇：HDL 和甘油三酯（TG）：HDL 呈负相关。尽管低花青素摄入量和低体力活动的联合暴露与较低（RR = 2.83；95% CI：1.42 至 5.67）HDL 胆固醇 <40 mg/dL 相关，但未检测到相乘（p = 0.72）或相加相互作用（相互作用导致的相对过度风险 (RERI)：0.02；95% CI：-1.63 至 1.66；p = 0.98。我们的研究结果提供了关于花青素摄入量和体力活动对血脂谱的潜在协同作用的见解。