Abstract Zinc pyrithione is an organometallic compound with antimicrobial activity used in many industrial products. In this study, cytotoxicity (cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, proliferation rate, and mitotic index) and genotoxicity (sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus test) of zinc pyrithione on human lymphocytes were determined. Intracellular zinc concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Intracellular antioxidant/oxidant status was evaluated by total antioxidant capacity and total oxidative status assays. Its irritation potential was investigated using the hen’s egg test chorioallantoic membrane model. Up to the highest concentration of 1000 nmol/L, ZnPT did not cause genotoxicity and did not change the proliferation index. Above 500 nmol/L, zinc pyrithione caused an increase in lactate dehydrogenase, oxidative stress, and intracellular zinc levels, while decreasing cell viability and mitotic index level. At 1000 nmol/L, zinc pyrithione caused slight irritation. These results suggest that zinc pyrithione may exert toxic effects via increased oxidative stress on human cellular systems.

中文翻译：

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吡啶硫酮锌的体外细胞毒性、基因毒性、氧化和刺激作用

摘要 吡啶硫酮锌是一种具有抗菌活性的有机金属化合物，用于许多工业产品。本研究测定了吡啶硫酮锌对人淋巴细胞的细胞毒性（细胞活力、乳酸脱氢酶释放、增殖率和有丝分裂指数）和基因毒性（姐妹染色单体交换和微核试验）。细胞内锌浓度通过电感耦合等离子体-光发射光谱法测定。通过总抗氧化能力和总氧化状态测定评估细胞内抗氧化/氧化状态。使用鸡蛋测试绒毛膜尿囊膜模型研究了其刺激潜力。直至最高浓度 1000 nmol/L，ZnPT 均未引起遗传毒性，也未改变增殖指数。高于 500 nmol/L，吡啶硫酮锌导致乳酸脱氢酶、氧化应激和细胞内锌水平增加，同时降低细胞活力和有丝分裂指数水平。在 1000 nmol/L 时，吡啶硫酮锌引起轻微刺激。这些结果表明，吡啶硫酮锌可能通过增加对人体细胞系统的氧化应激而发挥毒性作用。