Abstract

The energy supply in the world needs to change from fossil fuels to renewable alternatives. Biogas is such a renewable alternative, and there is potential to increase the biogas production in the world. In recent decades, many countries have increasingly been upgrading biogas to vehicle fuel. In the last few years, the interest has also increased in liquefying biogas for heavier transports. Biogas can also be a raw material for other fuels by gasifying the biogas, for example Fischer-Tropsch fuels, methanol, dimethyl ether and hydrogen. This study provides an overview of vehicle fuels that can be produced from biogas, their technological maturity and their respective potentials as substitutes for fossil fuels in the transport system. A common factor for all of them is that they are most often produced from fossil fuels. Compressed and liquefied methane are the only fuels being commercially produced using biogas. The other fuels all have strengths that both compressed and liquefied methane lack, for example the possibility of emission-free fuel cell vehicles. However, they are all less mature technologies than compressed and liquefied methane. The greatest short-term potential is thus for expanded use of biogas as compressed and liquefied biomethane.

摘要

世界能源供应需要从化石燃料转向可再生能源。沼气是一种可再生的替代品，有可能增加世界上的沼气产量。近几十年来，许多国家越来越多地将沼气升级为汽车燃料。在过去的几年里，人们对液化沼气以进行更重的运输的兴趣也有所增加。通过气化沼气，沼气也可以成为其他燃料的原料，例如费托燃料、甲醇、二甲醚和氢气。本研究概述了可从沼气生产的车辆燃料、它们的技术成熟度以及它们各自作为运输系统中化石燃料替代品的潜力。它们的一个共同因素是它们最常由化石燃料生产。压缩和液化甲烷是唯一使用沼气进行商业生产的燃料。其他燃料都具有压缩和液化甲烷所缺乏的优势，例如无排放燃料电池汽车的可能性。然而，它们都没有压缩和液化甲烷成熟的技术。因此，最大的短期潜力是扩大沼气作为压缩和液化生物甲烷的用途。