We evaluated the hypothesis that the activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels contribute to exercise training-induced augmentation in cholinergic sweating. On separate days, 10 habitually trained and 10 untrained men participated in two experimental protocols. Prior to each protocol, we administered 1% verapamil (Verapamil, L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channel blocker) and saline (Control) at forearm skin sites on both arms via transdermal iontophoresis. In Protocol 1, we administered low (0.001%) and high (1%) doses of pilocarpine at both the verapamil-treated and untreated forearm sites. In protocol 2, participants were passively heated by immersing their limbs in hot water (43°C) until rectal temperature increased by 1.0°C above baseline resting levels. Sweat rate at all forearm sites were continuously measured throughout both protocols. Pilocarpine-induced sweating in Control was higher in trained than in untrained men for both concentrations of pilocarpine (both P≤0.001). Pilocarpine-induced sweating at the low dose site was attenuated at the Verapamil versus Control site in both groups (both P≤0.004), albeit the reduction was greater in trained as compared to untrained men (P=0.005). The verapamil-mediated reduction in sweating remained intact at the high dose pilocarpine site in the untrained (P=0.004) but not the trained men (P=0.180). Sweating did not differ between Control and Verapamil sites with increases in rectal temperature in both groups (interaction, P=0.571). We show that activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels modulates sweat production in habitually trained men induced by a low dose of pilocarpine. However, no effect on sweating was observed during passive heating in either group.

中文翻译：

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L型电压门控Ca2 +通道阻滞对习惯训练和未经训练的男性胆碱能和热汗的影响。

我们评估了以下假设，即L型电压门控Ca ²⁺通道的激活有助于运动训练诱导的胆碱能流汗增加。在不同的日子，有10名接受过习惯训练的人和10名未经训练的人参加了两个实验方案。在每种方案之前，我们都使用1％维拉帕米（Verapamil，L型电压门控Ca ²⁺通过透皮离子电渗疗法在手臂的前臂皮肤部位注入生理盐水（通道阻滞剂）和生理盐水（对照）。在方案1中，我们在维拉帕米治疗的前臂部位和未治疗的前臂部位分别给予了低剂量（0.001％）和高剂量（1％）的毛果芸香碱。在方案2中，参与者将四肢浸入热水（43°C）中进行被动加热，直到直肠温度比基线静息水平高1.0°C。在两个方案中，均连续测量所有前臂部位的出汗率。两种浓度的毛果芸香碱在对照组中，毛果芸香碱诱发的出汗均高于未训练的男性（均P≤0.001）。在两组中，维拉帕米与对照组相比，毛果芸香碱在低剂量部位的出汗有所减弱（均P≤0.004），尽管与未受训练的男性相比，受过训练的男性减少的幅度更大（P = 0.005）。维拉帕米介导的出汗减少在未经训练的大剂量毛果芸香碱部位保持完整（P = 0.004），但未经训练的男性则没有（P = 0.180）。对照组和维拉帕米组的出汗率没有差异，两组的直肠温度均升高（相互作用，P = 0.571）。我们证明了L型电压门控Ca的激活²⁺通道可调节由低剂量毛果芸香碱引起的习惯训练的男人的汗水产生。但是，在两组中被动加热期间均未观察到出汗的影响。