Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by articular synovitis that eventually leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone in the joints with resulting pain and disability. The current therapies for RA are divided into 4 categories: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, nonbiological disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biological DMARDs. Each drug grouping is beset with significant setbacks that not only include limited drug bioavailability and high clearance, but also varying degrees of drug toxicity to normal tissues. Recently, nanotechnology has provided a promising tool for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic systems in the area of malignant and inflammatory diseases. Among these, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have provided an attractive carrier option for delivery of therapeutic agents. Armed with an extra magnetic probe, MNPs are capable of more accurately targeting the local lesion with avoidance of unpleasant systemic side effects. This review aims to provide an introduction to the applications of magnetic nanoparticles in RA, focusing on the latest advances, challenges, and opportunities for future development.

中文翻译：

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磁性纳米颗粒：类风湿关节炎的新型诊断和治疗平台

类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种慢性炎症性疾病，其特征在于关节滑膜炎，最终导致关节中软骨和骨骼的破坏，从而导致疼痛和致残。当前的RA治疗方法分为4类：非甾体类抗炎药（NSAID），糖皮质激素，非生物疾病缓解类抗风湿药（DMARD）和生物DMARD。每个药物分组都遭受重大挫折，不仅包括有限的药物生物利用度和高清除率，而且还包括不同程度的药物对正常组织的毒性。近来，纳米技术为在恶性和炎性疾病领域中开发新型治疗和诊断系统提供了有前途的工具。在这些当中，磁性纳米颗粒（MNP）为治疗剂的输送提供了有吸引力的载体选择。配备额外的磁性探针，MNP能够更准确地靶向局部病变，避免了令人不快的全身性副作用。这篇综述旨在介绍磁性纳米粒子在RA中的应用，重点介绍最新的进展，挑战和未来发展的机会。