Aquaponics has the potential to produce sustainable, high‐quality food through integration of hydroponics and aquaculture, but its commercialization is stalled by bottlenecks in pest and disease management. We reviewed integrated pest and disease management steps and techniques in hydroponics to qualify as suitable techniques for different aquaponic designs. Non‐chemical prophylactic measures are highly proficient for pest and disease prevention in all designs. Still, the use of chemical control methods remains highly complicated for all systems. We simulated 10–20% runoff concentrations of 9 pesticides in the common UVI design and compared them with NOEC, LC₅₀ of fish. Endosulfan seems most toxic with runoff AI (20.7 μg L⁻¹) exceeding LC₅₀ (10.2 μg L⁻¹) and NOEC (0.05 μg L⁻¹). At 20% runoff, most chemical pesticides pose risks in aquaponic systems. Natural pesticides were also discussed as potential alternatives with low acute toxicity to fish, but little is known about their effects on water and bacteria. While insecticides and herbicides are replaceable by well‐established commercial biocontrol measures, fungicides and nematicides would still be relevant in aquaponics due to low efficiency of alternatives (e.g. natural enemies, entomopathogenic fungus). Monitoring and cultural control are the first approaches to contain pest population below the action threshold. Biological controls, in general, are adaptable to a larger extent. Further studies are required on how to utilize indigenous microbial community in aquaponics (dominated by Proteobacteria; effective at ~10³–10⁹ CFU mL⁻¹) as a frontline defence.

中文翻译：

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鱼菜共生病虫害综合治理：基于元数据的综述

鱼菜共生有潜力通过水培和水产养殖的整合来生产可持续的高质量食品，但其商业化由于病虫害控制的瓶颈而停滞不前。我们审查了水培法中病虫害综合防治步骤和技术，以符合不同水培设计的适当技术要求。在所有设计中，非化学预防措施均能非常有效地预防病虫害。尽管如此，对于所有系统而言，化学控制方法的使用仍然非常复杂。我们在常见的UVI设计中模拟了9种农药的10–20％径流浓度，并将其与鱼类的NOEC，LC ₅₀进行了比较。当径流AI（20.7μgL ^-1）超过LC ₅₀（10.2μgL ）时，硫丹似乎最具毒性^-1）和NOEC（0.05μgL ^-1）。在径流为20％时，大多数化学农药会对水培系统造成风险。还讨论了天然农药作为对鱼类低急性毒性的潜在替代品，但对其对水和细菌的影响知之甚少。尽管杀虫剂和除草剂可以通过完善的商业生物防治措施来代替，但由于替代品（例如天敌，昆虫病原真菌）的效率低下，杀真菌剂和杀线虫剂仍将与共混物中有关。监测和文化控制是将有害生物种群控制在行动阈值以下的第一种方法。通常，生物控制在更大程度上是适应性的。需要进一步研究如何在水培法中利用本地微生物群落（以变形杆菌为主导；在〜10 ³ –10时有效）⁹  CFU mL ^-1）作为前线防御力。