Shape memory polymer foam hemostats are a promising option for future hemorrhage control in battlefield wounds. To enable their use as hemostatic devices, they must be optimized in terms of formulation and architecture, and their safety and efficacy must be characterized in animal models. Relevant in vitro models can be used for device optimization to help mitigate the excess use of animals and reduce costs of clinical translation. In this work, a simplified gunshot wound model and a grade V liver injury model were constructed. The models were used to characterize the effects of shape memory polymer foam hemostat geometry on wall pressures, application/removal times, hemorrhage (fluid loss), and fluid absorption in comparison with clinical controls. It was found that there is no benefit in over‐sizing the hemostatic device relative to wound volume and that geometry effects are dependent upon the wound type. These models provide a rapid means for elucidation of promising hemostat geometries and formulations for use in future in vivo testing.

中文翻译：

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形状记忆聚合物泡沫止血剂在体外出血性伤口模型中的表征

形状记忆聚合物泡沫止血剂是未来战场伤口出血控制的有前途的选择。为了使它们能够用作止血装置，它们必须在配方和结构方面进行优化，并且它们的安全性和有效性必须在动物模型中进行表征。相关体外模型可用于设备优化，以帮助减轻动物的过度使用并降低临床翻译成本。在这项工作中，构建了一个简化的枪伤模型和一个 V 级肝损伤模型。与临床对照相比，这些模型用于表征形状记忆聚合物泡沫止血器几何形状对壁压力、应用/去除时间、出血（液体流失）和液体吸收的影响。研究发现，相对于伤口体积而言，止血装置尺寸过大没有任何好处，而且几何效应取决于伤口类型。这些模型为阐明用于未来体内测试的有前途的止血几何形状和配方提供了一种快速方法。