Mindfulness training preserves sustained attention and resting state anticorrelation between default-mode network and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A randomized controlled trial.,Human Brain Mapping

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Mindfulness training preserves sustained attention and resting state anticorrelation between default-mode network and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A randomized controlled trial.
Human Brain Mapping ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 , DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25197
Clemens C C Bauer _{1,

2} , Liron Rozenkrantz ₁ , Camila Caballero _{1,

3} , Alfonso Nieto-Castanon _{2,

4} , Ethan Scherer ₅ , Martin R West ₅ , Michael Mrazek ₆ , Dawa T Phillips _{7,

8} , John D E Gabrieli _{1,

5,

9} , Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Mindfulness training can enhance cognitive control, but the neural mechanisms underlying such enhancement in children are unknown. Here, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with sixth graders (mean age 11.76 years) to examine the impact of 8 weeks of school‐based mindfulness training, relative to coding training as an active control, on sustained attention and associated resting‐state functional brain connectivity. At baseline, better performance on a sustained‐attention task correlated with greater anticorrelation between the default mode network (DMN) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a key node of the central executive network. Following the interventions, children in the mindfulness group preserved their sustained‐attention performance (i.e., fewer lapses of attention) and preserved DMN–DLPFC anticorrelation compared to children in the active control group, who exhibited declines in both sustained attention and DMN–DLPFC anticorrelation. Further, change in sustained‐attention performance correlated with change in DMN–DLPFC anticorrelation only within the mindfulness group. These findings provide the first causal link between mindfulness training and both sustained attention and associated neural plasticity. Administered as a part of sixth graders' school schedule, this RCT supports the beneficial effects of school‐based mindfulness training on cognitive control.

中文翻译：

正念训练可以保持默认模式网络和背外侧前额叶皮层之间的持续注意力和静息状态反相关：一项随机对照试验。

正念训练可以增强认知控制，但儿童这种增强的神经机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们对六年级学生（平均年龄 11.76 岁）进行了一项随机对照试验 (RCT)，以检查 8 周的学校正念训练（相对于作为主动对照的编程训练）对持续注意力和相关休息的影响。状态功能性大脑连接。在基线时，持续注意力任务的更好表现与默认模式网络（DMN）和右背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）（中央执行网络的关键节点）之间更大的反相关性相关。干预后，与主动对照组的儿童相比，正念组的儿童保持了持续注意力表现（即注意力缺失较少）并保留了 DMN-DLPFC 反相关性，而主动对照组儿童的持续注意力和 DMN-DLPFC 反相关性均有所下降。此外，持续注意力表现的变化仅在正念组内与 DMN-DLPFC 反相关的变化相关。这些发现首次提供了正念训练与持续注意力和相关神经可塑性之间的因果关系。作为六年级学生学校日程的一部分，这项随机对照试验支持学校正念训练对认知控制的有益影响。

更新日期：2020-11-17

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