Butanol is widely used as an important bulk chemical and is a potential biofuel. The depletion of fossil fuels and advances in synthetic biotechnology have led to renewed interest in the biological production of butanol. Solventogenic Clostridium was commonly used to produce butanol through traditional acetone‐butanol‐ethanol (ABE) fermentation. However, its relatively slow growth rate, low butanol tolerance, and poor production efficiency have hindered the further application of this procedure. Recently, other promising industrial hosts, including Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Clostridium tyrobutyricum, have been studied for potential use in the production of butanol. This review comprehensively summarizes the advantages and challenges of different non‐solvent strains for butanol production to identify better the ideal non‐solvent hosts for butanol production. Strategies to further increase butanol production are also proposed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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非溶剂生产微生物物种的遗传操作可有效生产丁醇

丁醇被广泛用作重要的散装化学品，并且是潜在的生物燃料。化石燃料的枯竭和合成生物技术的发展引起了人们对丁醇生物生产的新兴趣。溶剂型梭菌通常用于通过传统的丙酮-丁醇-乙醇（ABE）发酵生产丁醇。但是，其相对较慢的生长速度，较低的丁醇耐受性和较差的生产效率阻碍了该方法的进一步应用。最近，其他有希望的工业宿主，包括大肠杆菌，酿酒酵母和酪丁酸梭菌已经研究了其在丁醇生产中的潜在用途。这篇综述全面总结了用于丁醇生产的不同非溶剂菌株的优势和挑战，以便更好地确定理想的丁醇生产非溶剂宿主。还提出了进一步增加丁醇产量的策略。©2020年化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.